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Byzantine and Renaissance - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Barrel vault:
- - - - Masaccio (1401-1428) applied Brunelleschi's linear perspective into practice as well as aerial perspective.
        
        Donatello (1389?-1466) is known as the founder of modern sculpture. The use of classical antiquity on his works are strong, evidenced by his best work, a bronze statue of David (c. 1420s-60s). It is known as the first known freestanding nude statue to have been cast since antiquity. Toward the end of his life, Donatello's sculptures were more focused on naturalism and expression of character and dramatic action.
        
        Botticelli (1444?-1510) is well known for his painting, Birth of Venus, which established an image of female beauty. It is the first painting of a full-length nude female since antiquity
        
        The generation of artists that followed Botticelli were known as High Renaissance artists. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) and Michelangelo (1475-1564) are some people who are referred to as "Renaissance Men". da Vinci was a well-known as an inventor, architect, engineer, sculptor, painter, scientist, and musician. Some of his ideas that are used today are the canal locks, submarines, and helicopters. 2 of his paintings The Last Supper and Mona Lisa are icons of pop culture. da Vinci used a technique known as sfumato, which is seen in the Mona Lisa. Sfumato originates from the Italian word fumo, meaning smoke, is the use of mellowed colors and a blurred outline.
        
        Michelangelo di Buonarotti was working at a competition during the same time da Vinci was working on his developments. The competition involved creating a statue out of a large piece of marble, only to discover that the marble had a huge crack. Michelangelo turned that piece of marble into his version of David and was larger than life-sized, since it was meant to be placed high on the facade of the cathedral in Florence. In 1505, Pope Julius II commissioned Michelangelo to design his tomb. Michelangelo created sculptures such as Moses, The Bound Slave, and the The Dying Slave. However, the pope cancelled the commission for unknown reasons. Michelangelo was reluctant when the pope approached him again to decorate the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. It took him 4 years to cover 700 sq. yds of the ceiling.
        
        Raphael Sanzio (1483-1520) was one of the most accomplished painters of the High Renaissance. He was so accomplished that Pope Julius II gave him several commissions. He also studied under his rival, Michelangelo but unlike Michelangelo, he employed numerous assistants for his projects. He covered the pope's official chambers with large frescoes such as School of Athens, a homage to Greek philosophers and scientists. He also made the Sistine Madonna, which created an image of the Virgin Mary that endured in religious paintings throughout centuries.
        
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        Sistine Chapel:
      - Example of linear perspective:
- - - - During the 15th century and early decades of the 16th century, areas of southern Germany thrived artistically. Matthias Grunewald (1475?-1528) and Albrecht Durer (1471-1528) are considered to be the greatest artists of the Renaissance in northern Europe. Only 10 of Grunewald's works survived. He is well known for religious scenes and his depictions of Christ's crucifixion. The Isenheim Altarpiece (c.1510-15) consists of 9 panels mounted on 2 sets of folding wings, is his greatest masterpiece.
        
        Albrecht Durer is one o the most famous artists of Reformation Germany. His early training was influenced by late Gothic works, but because of the influence of Italian Renaissance traveling to the north, his works began reflecting those ideas. Durer wanted to achieve a style that combined naturalistic detail favored by the north with the theoretical ideas developed by the south. Durer wrote about theories of art and published many woodcuts and copper engravings, such as The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse (c. 1498).
        
        Hans Holbein the Younger (1497-1543) is considered to be one of the greatest Renaissance portraitists. Though he was born in Germany, he worked in England. He became the court painter to Henry VIII and his portrait of the king not only shows his talent for presenting details, but also his ability to capture the psychological character of his subjects. Holbein's work became the model and standard for English painting up to the 19th century.