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preventing and treating disease - Coggle Diagram
preventing and treating disease
preventing disease
isolating infected individuals
prevents the disease from passing to anyone
being hygienic
: washing your hands
destroying vectors
: by getting rid of the organisms that spread disease, you can prevent the disease from being passed on.
vectors that are insects can be killed using
insecticides
or by
destroying their habitat
so they can no longer breed
herd community
: When a large portion of the community becomes immune, making it difficult for the infection to spread from person to person.
fighting disease
the
skin
acts as a barrier to pathogens
it also
secretes antimicrobial substances
which kill pathogens
hairs
and
mucus
in your nose trap particles that could contain pathogens
the
trachea
and
bronchi
secrete mucus to trap pathogens
they are lined with
cilia
, which waft the mucus up to the back of the throat where it can be swallowed
the
stomach
produces hydrochloric acid which kills pathogens
immune system
white blood cells can
engulf
foreign cells and
digest
them . this is called
phagocytosis
every invading pathogen has unique molecules called
antigens
on its surface
when the white blood cell comes across a foreign antigen it will start to produce
antibodies
so they can be found and destroyed by other white blood cells
the antigen is specific to that type of antigen
white blood cells produce
antitoxins
which
counteract toxins
produced by the invading bacteria
vaccination
vaccination
: they can develop the infection and then pass it on to someone else
injecting small amounts of
dead
or
inactive pathogens
these carry
antigens
which cause your body to
produce antibodies
this means that the white blood cells can
rapidly mass- produce antibodies
to kill off the pathogens
PROS:
helped control lots of communicable diseases that were once common
epidemics can be prevented if a large percentage of the population is vaccinated
CONS:
Vaccines dont always work
sometimes have a bad reaction to a vaccine
DRUGS
painkillers
(e.g. aspirin) help reduce the
symptoms
, it doesn't tackle the cause of the disease or kill pathogens
antibiotics
kill
or
prevent the growth
of bacteria they dont destroy viruses
different antibiotics kill different types of bacteria
viruses reproduce using your body cells
. which makes it hard to develop drugs that destroy only the virus
resistant to antibiotics
bacteria can
mutate
making them resistant to antibiotics
when you treat the infection only the
non-resistant strains
of bacteria will be killed
the individual resistant bacteria will
survive and reproduce
and the population of it will increase
it can cause a
serious infection
that cant be treated by antibiotics e.g.
MRSA
slow down
the rate of the development of resistant stains = doctors avoid
over-prescribing
+
finish the whole course
of antibiotics