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social inequality, education - Coggle Diagram
social inequality
social class
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access to education
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Lower-income families are less likely to have regular access to books at home. They often use TV as a babysitter in order to make time to earn money (particularly single-parent families). many families will struggle to afford school equipment and therefore can’t access to education.
middle-class families are more confident in engaging with the challenging schools to get what they want.
health
higher levels of smoking, drinking and obesity are more common in lower levels of education
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- with a cost-of-living crisis, lower-income households’ diet has been getting poorer
- processed food is cheaper but less nutritious
- the cost of food has increased
- cold-related deaths have increased due to heating homes becoming too expensive
- people have to choose to heat their homes or eat a meal
Scotland
- has the largest percentage of children on free school meals (37.5% compared to the 16% in the southeast of England)
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age
age effects
- Education: Lower standards of childhood education can affect the whole of someone’s lifetime, impacting on their career progression and income up until death.
- Income: Middle and upper-class individuals are more likely to have made plans to maintain their income in retirement and are also more likely to have big pension pots.
- Health: We get less healthy as we age.
- Loneliness: As children grow up, spouses die and mobility decreases
this leads to
All this means that life expectancy is often linked to income and social class. Higher income means that you can pay for better education and health, and travel to friends and family to prevent loneliness.
The highest life expectancy for men at age 65 was in Kensington and Chelsea (21.4 years). The lowest was in Manchester (15.8 years).
The highest life expectancy in England at age 65 was in Camden (23.9 years) and again lowest in Manchester (18.8 years).
equality act 2010
Social inequality between age groups, the Equality Act 2010 says that you must not be discriminated against because:
- You are a certain age or in a certain age group.
- Someone thinks you are a specific age or age group; this is known as discrimination by perception.
- You are connected to someone of a specific age or age group, this is known as a discrimination by association.
Though discrimination based on age was outlawed by the equality act it remains harder for those over 50 to find new jobs
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gender
iniquality presented in
pay
gender pay gap
- the average difference between men's and women’s earnings is 14.9%
- the gap is decreasing but slowly
- representation in parliament is increasing
- girls are outperforming boys and are more likely to go on to higher education
job opportunities
- only 45% of women in full-time employment compared to 61% of men
- 41% of women provide social care (children, grandchildren disabled or elderly people) compared to 25% of men
- 85% of women cook and/or do housework every day compared to 49% of men
- black girls are twice as likely as white girls to be expelled from school
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expected social roles
41% of women provide social care (children, grandchildren disabled or elderly people) compared to 25% of men
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traditional expectations of gender roles in family life: women expected give up jobs or go to part-time to look after others
- the perception that men are more ambitious
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