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Part 1 - Genetic Info - Coggle Diagram
Part 1 - Genetic Info
History
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Pre-1940s: Scientists knew were hereditary factors, but not sure from where. Proteins seemed likelier than DNA
Avery, MacLeod & McCarty (1944): Discovered purified DNA could tranform harmless strains to virulent
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Watson & Crick (1953): Used Franklins data and Chargaff's ratios, proposed right‑handed antiparallel double helix (sugar phosphate backbone, complementary base pairs). Received 1962 Nobel Prize
Genetic information
Between generations: Parent cell is replicated and divided into two daughter cells. Same genetic info as parent cell
Within a cell: Genetic info flows within cell, produces protein to grow and survive (gene expression). Central dogma universal to ALL living cells. DNA transcribed into mRNA, then translated into protein. Central dogma: Universal to all living cells *viruses (RNA viruses use reverse transcription)
Somatic cells: Any cells other than gamate cells. Gamate cells: Cells with 1/2 of genetic info (Egg and sperm)
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Genes
Units of hereditary, determine traits, DNA sequences carry info for proteins
Bacteria more gene dense, more areas code for genes
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DNA vs. RNA
DNA
Chromosomes: Structures in cells, contain DNA. Humans = 23, bacteria = 1
Carries genetic info, made of sequences of nucleotides, organized into chromosomes
Chargaff's Rule: A=T, C=G
RNA
Several forms (mRNA, tRNA, rRNA). Regulatory purposes
Single-stranded, uracil instead of thymine
Bacteria
Small genome, but most diversity (biochemical diversity: Sustainable in lots of environments, adaptable). Single, circular chromosome attached to inner cell membrane
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Molecular biology: structure/function of genes at molecular level (dna replication, transcription, translation)