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Ch1_Operating system - Coggle Diagram
Ch1_Operating system
Storage Structure
Secondary storage
非揮發性(例如下面兩種)
Hard Disk Drives (HDD)
資料切割成track、sector
Main memory
cpu可直接存取
揮發性
通常為DRAM
Non-volatile memory
操作
caching
Direct Memory Access
device controller直接由自己的buffer和main memory溝通
os可以做什麼
一個介於user、hardware間的program，提供可操控硬體資源的API指令給user使用，並且有效率的調控硬體資源。
I/O device controller
由I/O device提供controller，以讓cpu可以透過controller控制硬體。也提供device driver讓cpu知道如何控制I/O。
Interrupt
Interrupt vector
儲存service routines的位址
運作原理
Software interrupt
Hardware interrupt
I/O發出interrupt
cpu暫停執行原本的程式
將register的資料存入memory
執行interrupt程式(分為同步、非同步兩種方式)
OS operation
Bootstrap program、system daemons(常駐程式)
Multitasking
Dual mode operation
Kernel mode (mode bit 0)
User mode (mode bit 1)
Timer (counter遞減)
Process management
process terminate -> reclaim resource
process synchronization
process communication
Memory management
決定什麼資料要放進memory
File-system management
create and delete file
Mapping files to secondary storage
Caching
Protection (access) and Security (病毒)
Virtualization
Emulation：將program翻譯成自己os看得懂的
Virtualization：利用軟體創建虛擬的CPU、RAM等給想要的OS
其他
Computing Environments
Cloud computin
Peer to Peer
Traditional
Client Server
Mobile
Real-time Embedded
Open source os
Kernel Data Structure
Linked lst
Binary search tree
Hash map
computer-system
Organization
OS
Application programs
Hardware
Users
Architecture
Distributed Systems
多台電腦利用Network形成一個系統
Non-Uniform Memory Access System
每個cpu有自己獨立的memory，不同cpu間可傳遞資訊
Cluster Systems
Asymmetric：hot-standby mode
Symmetric：任意processor可跑任何task