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Gisselle Reyes, period 5, Digestive & Urinary System,, Digestive…
Gisselle Reyes, period 5, Digestive & Urinary System,
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Layers of the GI tract
- Mucosa: secretes mucus, enzymes, and hormones, absorbs nutrients, and protects pathogens
- Submucosa; connective tissue with blood vessels, lymphatic nerves
- muscularis externa; performs peristalsis and segmentation
- serosa; outermost layer
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Digestive enzymes
- Amylase: Breaks down carbohydrates (starches) into simpler sugars - in Salivary glands and pancreas
- Lipases: Digests fats and oils - pancreas, mouth, and stomach
- Proteases: Breaks down proteins into amino acids - stomach, pancreas
- pepsin:break down proteins into smaller peptides in the stomach
- trypsin
- Nucleases: DNA replication/repair
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Digestive processes
- Ingestion: eating
- Propulsion: movement through GI track
- Mechanical breakdown: chewing
- Digestion: enzymatic breakdown
- Absorption: nutrients absorbed into blood
- Defecation: elimination of indigestible substances
- Glomerular Filtration: Hydrostatic pressure forces fluids and solutes through filtration membrane, into glomerular capsule
- Tubular Reabsorption: quickly reclaims most of tubular contents and returns them to blood
- Tubular Secretion: Selected substances are moved from peritublar capillaries through tubule cells out into filtrate
Disorders of the digestive and urinary systems
- Cholecystitis: An inflammation of the gallbladder
- Gastroesphageal Reflux disease: A chronic disease that occurs when the esophageal sphincter relaxes
- Inflammation Bowel Disease: Inflammation of the intestinal lining
- peptic ulcers: sores that develop in the lining of the stomach or the duodenum
- Bladder cancer: when cells of the bladder grow abnormally they can be bladder cancer.
- Urinary Tract Infection: abnormal growth of bacteria anywhere along the urinary tract
- Kidney stones: urine contains many dissolved minerals and salt. High levels can create hard stones.