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Orthopedics - Coggle Diagram
Orthopedics
Joint injuries
Join luxations
Patellar luxation
Types
Medial
Lateral
Grades 1 → 4
Treatments
Grade 1
If extensor mechanism straight
Lateral fascia lata overlap
Tibial antirotational suture
If tubercle deviated
Tibial tubercle transposition with or without retinacular or fascia lata overlap
Grade II
Tibial tubercle trasposition with fascia lata overlap
Medial desmotomy
Trocheoplasty
Grade III
Lateral patellar and tibial antirotational suture if patelle still unstable
Grade IV
Tibial or femoral osteotomy if still unstable
Sprains
Types I → III
Arthrotomy
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis
Elbow joint
Pathologies
Displasia and congenital luxations
Etiology
FMCP
OCD
Elbow incongruity
UAP
Synovial cyst
Disorders of tendons
Epicondylitis
Avulsion of flexor tendon
Triceps tendon rupture
Elbow instability
Cambell's test
Elbow joint fractures
Types
Anconeal process
Medial epicondylar process
Treatment
Depending on presence of osteoarthritis and chronicity
Elbow luxation
Types
With intact joint
With luxation of the radial head
Monteggia fracture
Types I → IV
With disruption of the radioulnar joint
Surgeries
Closed reduction
Open reduction
Collateral ligament prosthesis
Arthrodesis
Ligament rupture
TPLO
Open fractures
Blood supply
Healing
Primary
Secondary/callus
Cancellous bone healing
Complications
Delayed union
Mechanical causes
Biological causes
Nonunion
Viable
Hypertrophic
Oligotrophic
Nonviable
Malunion
Grades I - II - IIIA - IIIB & IIIC
General info
Types of bone matter
Cortical bone
Concellous bone
Fracture types
Based on location
Articular
Metaphyseal
Type
Salter-Harris types I → IV
Location
Proximal
Distal
Diaphyseal
Location
Proximal third
Central
Distal third
Types
Simple reductible
With 1-2 reductible fragments
Comminuted non reductible
Epiphyseal
Proximal
Distal
Epiphyseal+metaphyseal
Metaphyseal/Supracondylar
Unicondylar
Bicondylar
Based on forces acting on the bones
Oblique
Perpendicular
Transverse
Spiral
Sacrum fractures
Type I : alar fractures
Type II : foraminal fractures
Type III : transverse fractures
Type IV : comminutes fractures
Osteomyelitis
Types
Hematogenous
Post-traumatic
Acute
Chronic