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The Black Conciousness Movement - Coggle Diagram
The Black Conciousness Movement
Background
Political Vacuum in South Africa
1960 - Sharpeville = banning of political parties + massive state repression (Treason Trial)
Black theology; the idea that Black people are created in God's image & therefore should not be seen as inferior
Steve Biko
Philosophical thinker behind BCM
Student orientated
Founder of SASO
Was aligned with moderate white dominated NUSAS
Realizes that NUSAS will never truly 'fight' for Blacks as it impacts there privledges - breaks away and forms SASO
BCM Philosophy
Black Self-Pride
Black Self-Reliance
'Black is beautiful'
'Black man, you are on your own'
' The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the minds of the oppressed'
BCM advocates for mental liberation before physical liberation
The 'Shape' of BCM
Philosophy, rather than a movement with centeralised leadership
Organisations formed on this philosophy become a part of the BCM
SASO (1968)
Student organisation that advocated the BCM in tertiary & political spaces
BPC (1972)
Umbrella organisation that coordinates BCM movements in various spaces.
SASM (1972)
Represent BC interests in Secondary Education.
SSRC (1976)
SSRC coordinates the 1976 Soweto Uprisings
BPA (1976)
Influence and formed by SASO
BAWU (1972)
Represents BC philosophy in the Labour Sphere
Durban Strikes (1973)
BCP (1972)
Coordinates BC activities within the 'social' sphere
Zimele Trust Fund
Zanempilo Health Centre
Response of Apartheid Govt.
Initial Response = positive; in theory BC looks like separatism which aligns with Apartheid philosophy
Eventually = negative; BC challenged Apartheid. Did not 'align' with Apartheid
Eg. Durban Strikes/ Soweto Uprisings
Govt Repression
Response to Soweto Uprisings = negative; eg Violence
Murder of Steve Biko in 1977
Legacy of the BCM
The spirit of anti-Apartheid action
Mobilisation of youth
BAWU legacy of Trade Unions (COSATU)
Massive increase in Black Pride & Self-reliance