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Water cycle - EQ 1 - Coggle Diagram
Water cycle - EQ 1
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Hydrographs
- flashy hydrographic: - has a long rate of high peak discharge
- short lag time
- shows a storm event taking place with high amount of rainfall so see a dramatic change in peak discharge quite quickly
- subdued hydrograph - shallow rising limb - lag time is longer
- much less water in drainage basin/river
- more manageable basin
factors affecting shape
flashy river
1.weather + climate - intense storms, exceeding infiltration (water logged area), rapid snowmelt, low evaporation rates
- rocks, soils, relief - impermeable rock not allowing water to pass through, clay soils, steep slopes
drainage basin characteristics - small basin, circular basin, more stream to river
- vegetation - bare, low density - low interception + infiltration
- antecent conditions - basin already wet +
flows
1, Interception - plants + soil intercept water 2. infiltration - water soaking into plants and soil
- percolation - deep transfer of water into bedrock
- through flow - lateral transfer of water downslope
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water budget
- the annual balance between precipitation, evapotanspiratin + runoff (the annual balance of inputs + outputs
- can be calculated globally or locally, useful for calculating amount of water available for human use
water regime
- the annual variation in the discharge or flow of a river at a particular point and usually measured in cumbers
character of a river's regime is influenced by a number of variable factors:
- the size of the river + where discharge measurements are taken along its cause
- the amount seasonality and intensity of the precipitation
- the temps with possible meltwater
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Hydrological cycle: inputs, flows
fluxes - (types of movement) in the hydrological cycle are: precipitation, surface run-off + evaporation
- main input of the hydrological cycle is precipitation
- three types: relief rainfall - rainfall occurs due to topography, happens because of change in temp of air that rises
- convectional - happens when warmth in the air rises, then gets cooler
- frontal - warm air fronts meet cooler air fronts, warm air rises and two airs mix to form rainfall
- the main outputs
Example of human factors: Amazonia - Amazon basin contains the world's largest area of tropical rainforest
- deforestation has disrupted the drainage basin cycle in a number of ways including: