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THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, DESPOTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM -…
THE 18TH CENTURY: THE ENLIGHTENMENT, DESPOTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM
01 THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
1 THE ANTHROPOCENTRIC CULTURE IN THE MODERN AGE
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL PROGRESS
CULTURE WAS IN CONSTANT CHANGE PEOPLE STARTED TO MOVE AWAY FROM THEOCENTRISM
HUMANISM WAS DEVELOPED AS CULTURAL MOVEMENT
ANTHROPOCENTRIC WORLD OF VIEW
HUMAN BEINGS, THEIR INTELLIGENCE AND THEIR LOVE OF KNOWLEDGE
THEY CONTINUED BEEING CHRISTIANS
THE IDEA WAS SPREAD EASILY WITH THE INVENTION OF THE MOVABLE-TYPE PRINTING PRESS
2 THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION
EMPIRICSM
NOT TO ACCEPT REASONING THAIT IS NOT VALIDED BY OBSERBATION OR EXPERIMENTATION
RATIONALISM
TRUTHS STABLISHED BY THE AUTORITYS LIKE GOVERMENT OR THE CHURCH SHOULD BE CRITISED
NICOLAS COPERNICUS
HE DEDUCED WITH OVSERBATION AND EXPERIMENTATION THAT THE EARTH HAD A SHAPED FORM THATS CALLED THE HELIOTHENTRIC THEORY.
02 THE ENLIGHTENMENT: THE CULTURE OF OPTIMISM
2 THE EVOLUTION OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
IN FRANCE THIS MOVEMENT HAD AN EVOLUTION AND BECAMO MORE RADICAL AND STARTED TO GO AGAINST THE ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES (MONTESQUIEU), AGAINST THE CHURCH (VOLTAIRE), THEY WANTED TO PEOPLE HAVE THE SOVERANITY NOT THE KING (ROSSEAU).
3 THE SPREAD OF ENLIGHTENMENT IDEAS
THE IDEAS OF ENLIGHTENMENT WERE SPREAD IN EUROPE MORE EASILY BECAUSE OF THE PRINTING PRESS AND BECAUSE OF THE ENCYCLOPEDI. THIS LAST ONE COULD GIVE ALL THE KNOWLEDGE THAT AT THA TIME COULD BE GIVEN.
1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENLIGHTENMENT
HAPPINESS
wAS THOUGTH AS A INDIVIDUAL RIGHT AND LEADERS WERE SUPOSTED TO PROVIDE IT TO THE SOCIETY
PROGRESS
THE DEVELOPMENTS OF KNOWLEDGE
REASON
IT WAS SEEN AS HUMAN RATIONALITY THAT COULD ELIMINATE SOCIETYS ERRORS
05 PARLIAMENTARIANISM AND ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
1 ABSOLUTISM AND PARLIAMENTARIANISM
PARLIAMENTARY MONARCHIES
A POLITICAL SYSTEM IN WHICH THE KINGS POWER IS HELDED BY A PARLIAMENT. HE HAS LIMITED POWER AND THE DECISIONS ARE TAKEN BY THE PARLIAMENT AND THE COURTS.
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES
ABSOLUTE MONARCHIES WERE POLITICAL SYSTEMS IN WICH THE KING HELD ALL THE POWER ABUOT EVERITHIN AND HE COULD DO WHAT EVER HE WANTED
PARLIAMENTARY REPUBLICAN POLITICAL SYSTEMS
IS THE SAME AS PARLAMIENTARY MONARCHIES BUT WITH OUT KING AND THE ELECTED PRESIDENT WILL HELD THE POWER
2 ENLIGHTENED DESPOTISM
iT WAS THE IDEA THAT ENLIGHTENMENT KINGS COULD GOVERN EASILY AND HAVING GOOD RELATION WITH THE PEOPLE BUT THIS NEVER HAPENED