Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

spatial neglect - Coggle Diagram

- - - - SN and hemianopia mimic each other
      - neglect refers to deficient attention to stimuli whereas hemianopia refers to actual loss of visual field related to damage of visual pathways
      - want to test p's to see if they have SN or H, look for physical damage in hemianopia with sharp boarder in perception whereas a variable boarder in SN representation
      - hemanopia = visual field loss
    - - inability to recognise the presence of spatial neglect
      - can be quantified using catherine bergego scale
    - - refers to reduced or absent awareness of one side of mental imagery
      - difficulty to conjure up contralesional space of mental images
      - refers to topographical representation and can have implications for real world navigation
- - - - broader inclusion criteria but this can limit the things we can do
      - selecting out the most health stroke survivors = selection bias
      - requiring p's to be cognitively capable of participating
    - - brain is plastic so longer times post stroke may mean more cortical reorganisation
      - can influence the presence/severity of neglect
    - - may use different technology to associate lesions sites e.g. CT vs MRI
      - within technologies there are variations
  - - - neglect does not exist in isolation
      - signs arise due to combo of sensory deficits and intellectual deterioration
    - - asked to iagine piazza del duomo from different view points
      - depending on perspective p's omitted landmarks
      - suggesting neglect is not a sensory disorder as memory doesn't require sensory input
    - - unilateral lesion hypo-arouses the hemisphere and causes selective loss orientin responses in hemispace contralateral to the lesion
      - LH controls orienting in right space only whereas RH controls orienting in both left and right space
      - explains how LH lesion can be compensated for but RH lesion cannot
    - - hypothesis 1
        
        directional hypokinesia doesn't account for the fact that right sided neglect can occur after LH lesion
        
        proposes that the allocation of attention is directed contralaterally to the activated hemisphere
        
        during rest each hemisphere exerts an inhibitory influence on each other
        
        with the onset of a stimulus on one side the balance is disrupted and the activated contralateral hemisphere exerts a relative large inhibitory influence on the other
      - hypothesis 2
        
        when there is damage to one hemisphere it allows the intact hemisphere to exert a relatively greater inbitory response than usual at rest
        
        thus preventing attentional orientation to contralesional space
    - - hypothesis 1
        
        spatial attention paradigm
        
        proposed that changing location of attention requires 3 operations
        
        attention must be disengaged
        
        it must then move
        
        finally it must be re-engaged
        
        suggests that neglect = problem in reallocating attention once it has been directed to the right
- - - - screening battery of tests to assess the presence and extent of visual neglect on a sample of everyday problems faced by p's
      - used extensively in research but not so much in clinical practice as long test to use for p's who already have had their attentional resources depleted
- - - - teaching compensatory strategies
      - cognitive control by p's
      - awareness of deficits
    - - visual scanning training
      - sustained attention training
      - tonic and phasic alertness training
      - general cognitive rehabilitation paradigms
  - - - do not require teaching of compensatory strategies
      - target neural processes via afferent pathways
      - may be more appropriate for quite severe patients
    - - caloric vestibular stimulation
      - prism adaptation training