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ENERGY AND ITS TRANFORMATION - Coggle Diagram
ENERGY AND ITS TRANFORMATION
Energy sources
Household uses: the operating of electncal appliances, heating systems, hot water systems, heat for coolking and for means of transport, for example.
Industrial uses: the operating of factories and companies, construction, agriculture and so on.
Energy sources are natural resources from which we obtain different forms of energy that can be transformed for a specific use.
Electricity
It can be easily transformed into other forms of energy, such as light and heat.
It can be transported long distances inexpensively and with very little energy being lost.
2.1. Electric power plants
How an electric power plant work
The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft.
An alternator has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part, called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft.
2.2. Transport and distribution of electrical energy
Electricity cannot be stored; therefore, it must be transported to consumption centres. This transport involves several processes:
Increasing the voltage to 220 000 V or 400 000 V to prevent significant energy loss, due to the Joule effect.
Transporting it by high voltage cable attached to towers.
Decreasing the voltage at the electncity substations to 3-30 kV.
Distribution to homes, offices, industnes and public facilities. During this srage, the voltage is reduced to 230-400 V.
Conventional electric power plan
3.1. Nuclear power plants
This type of plant includes a nuclear fission reactor that produces the pressursed steam needed to move the turbme rotor.
3.2. Fossil fuel thermal power plants
At this type of power plant, water is heated in a boiler by the heat generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel, usually natural gas or coal.
Combined cycle power plant
3.3. Hydroelectric power plants
This type of power plant uses the potential energy provided by the height of the stored water in a dam, converting it into kinetic energy. This energy moves the blades of the turbine.
Non-conventional electric power plant
The main disadvantage of these power plants is that they generate much less energy, since they use diffuse energy sources.
Their advantages are that they contaminate much less than conventional power plants, they use renewable sources and they reduce the energy dependence of petroleum and natural gas.
4.1. Wind power plants and wind farms
4.2. Solar power plant
Photo-thermal power plant
Photovoltaic power plant
4.3. Geothermal power plants
4.4. Biomass thermal power plants
Biomass consists of all organic compounds that are produced through produce sugar; its leafy plant is natural processes.
4.5. Ocean power plants
The mechanical energy from the tides.
The mechanical energy from the waves.
The energy from the ocean's thermal gradient.
Environmental impact
5.1. Environmental impact assessment
As part of a technical proiect, it's mandatory to carry out an Earth's atmosphere environmental impact assessment.
5.2. Environmental impacts
Extraction of natural resources
Fuel transport
Electricity generation
Hydroelectric power plants
Conventional thermal power plants
They produce air pollution
They emit large amounts of CO2
They cause acid rain
The water that is used goes back to the enviroment
Nuclear thermal power plant
Final energy use
5.3. Waste treatment
Waste produced by thermal power plants
Install special filters
Use coal with a low sulphur content
Increase the size of large forested area
5.4. Some solutions
