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⚡Energy systems⚡ - Coggle Diagram
⚡Energy systems⚡
Aerobic system
Characteristics :
- uses oxygen
- low intensity exercise
- long duration exercise
- 3 mins +
- fats + glycogen used
Advantages :
- processes energy for a long period of time
- unlimited fat supply
- lots of glycogen supply
- no fatiguing by products
- more efficient yield than anaerobic systems (38 ATP)
Disadvantages :
- slow due to many reactions needed
- requires lots of oxygen.
- fats also require more oxygen to break down than glycogen
- cant break down fats on their own
- if you run out of glycogen you hit the wall
- can only store certain amount of glycogen in body
Glycogen sparring :
- metabolising fats more efficiently in order to save glycogen for later in event / higher intensity bouts of exercise
- fitter endurance athletes can break down fat easier than others
- thus less likely to HIT THE WALL
In words :
Glycogen into glucose via GPP, into pyruvic acid via PFK, releasing energy for.2 ATP molecules to be resynthesised. Pyruvic acid (in presence of oxygen) converts to acetyl co enzyme A and enters the KREBS CYCLE. It mixes with oxaloacetic acid to form citric acid, process releases energy for 2 ATP to be resynthesisd. The KREBS CYCLE also releases c02 and hydrogen, the hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions and electrons. Hydrogen ions are oxidised to water. The electrons enter the E.T.C releasing energy for another 34 ATP to be resynthesised. Net gain 38 ATP.
- beta oxidation (break down of fat) sees Triglycerides converted into fatty acids, which then go through similar process but release vast amounts of energy for ATP
Exam answer :
Firstly, glycolysis in the sarcoplasm takes place, breaking down glycogen into pyruvic acid to generate 2 ATP. The pyruvic acid then converts into Aceytl co enzyme A and enters the Krebs cycle. 2 ATP generated + co2 + hydrogen given off. The hydrogen splits into hydrogen ions and electrons. Electrons enter the electron transport chain generating 34 ATP. Triglycerides in fatty acids follow same process, Krebs cycle and ETC, But form vast amounts of ATP this is known as Beta oxidation.
ATP-PC System
Characteristics :
- 0 to 10 seconds
- very high intensity exercise
- limited stores
- 2 to 3 mins to fully replenish PC stores
- few reactions
- PC is the fuel dource
- 1:1 yield
Advantages:
- Resynthesizes ATP rapidly
- no oxygen required
- few reactions
- no fatiguing by products
- PC stores can be replenished quickly
ATP
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It is only the breakdown of ATP that releases energy for muscular contraction. The energy systems themselves simply allow us to resynthesised this ATP
Disadvantages:
- low yeild 1:1
- limited supply of energy source (PC)
- short amount of energy able to be used
- requires oxygen / rest to replenish
In words.
Phosphocreatine is broken down by creatine kinase to form phosphate, creatine and a release of energy used to resynthesizes 1 ATP molecule. Which is then broken down to ADP for energy release (muscular contraction) This process takes place in the sarcoplasm.
Anaerobic system
Characteristics :
- anaerobic (no oxygen)
- high intensity
- produces lactic acid
- 11 seconds to 3 mins
- sarcoplasm
- 400m
- 30 mins = 50% lactate clearance
- 2 hours = 100% lactate clearance
Advantages :
- quick release of energy
- few reactions
- no oxygen needed
- fast contraction speed
- the lactate produced can be made into a useable energy source
Disadvantages :
- produces fatiguing by products
- only produces 2 ATP per glycogen molecule
- doesn’t last very long
In words :
Glycogen is broken down into glucose via glucose phosphorylase (GPP). The glucose is converted into pyruvic acid by phosphofructokinase (PFK), This releases enough energy to resynthesizes 2 ATP molecules. Due to insufficient oxygen, lactic acid is produced via enzyme lactate dehydrogenase (LDN) This process takes place in the sarcoplasm of the muscle cell
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