Social controls take two basic forms: relationsh 1 Formal controls involve written rules, such as laws, that apply equally to everyone in a society. They also include non-legal rules that apply to everyone a particular role in an organisation (such as a see factory). Sanctions are enforced by agencies of sos control - for example, the police and the legal syee Formal controls tell everyone within a group exacily what is and is not acceptable behaviour. Breaking these rules (deviance) may result in formal sanctions such as a fine or imprisonment for breaking the law, or being sacked for breaking a company's organisational rules. 2 likely to re course of a md so are The mecha maintained and consen 22 Informal controls reward or punish acceptable/ unacceptable behaviour in everyday, settings (such as the family). These controls do not normally involve written rules and procedures. Rather, they operate through informal enforcement mechanisms that might include ridicule, sarcasm, disapproving looks or personal violence. Such controls mainly apply to the regulation of primary relationships and groups. However, there are exceptions because primary relationships can occur within secondary groups- a teacher, for example, may also be a friend or even a relative. Informal controls also relate to the 'unofficial rules' we create
in casual groups. A few of these rules might be applied generally-for example, unless you are in a boxing ring, punching someone in the face is generally regarded as unacceptable. However, the maiority of unofficial rules are specific to a particular group. Swearing among friends, for example, may not invite sanction, but swearing at your mother or father might
Force: also referred to as vooingintimidation and threats to persuade someoresU Sonething they do not want to do Power: the ability to make others do what you want, ever against their will