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prosopagnosia - Coggle Diagram

- - - - visual difficulties that prevent a person from creating a correct percept of a face
      - problem at the structual encoding stage of bruce and young model as they cannot even recognise that they are looking at a face
    - - can create a normal percept of a face but cannot associate percept with stored visual representations of known faces
      - able to match faces suggesting that there is a problem with FRUs and PINs as they have decent structual descriptions of faces but unable to link these to semantic knowledge
    - - farah (1991) reviewed 99 cases of associative prospagnosia and concluded they all have some perceptual impairment
      - maybe we should make a distinction based on the extent of perceptual impairment involved
      - discussion in literature if the distinction is useful
      - apperceptive have more perceptual difficulties than associative therefore we should look at level of perceptual problems
- - - - 7 DPs on face recognition and matching tasks
      - perceptual impairment not just impaired memory for names
      - used a recognition task for famous faces which involves both memory and creating percept of the face as well as an unfamiliar face discrimination task which tests percept of the face not memory
      - p's with DP showed variation within the famous face task and took significantly longer with the unfamiliar faces task suggesting its to do with both memory and perception
    - - 5 year old associative DP
      - unable to learn and recognise faces including parents, navigational difficulties but normal perception of emotional expression, visual namaing of common objects etc
      - structural MRI showed no abnormalities
      - poor overt recognition but normal covert recognition (SCR as young age meant previous testing measures would be too complex)
      - higher SCR response for familiar faces suggesting he is acquiring some information about familiar faces but not enough to overtly recognise them
    - - review of 54 hereditary DPs
      - takes them longer to recognise familar faces and learn new faces
      - adaptive behaviours meant relying on walk or other external facial features to recognise the person
  - - - runs in families
      - autosomal dominant transmission (a point mutation as its basis)
      - increasing evidence to support genetic component of DP e.g. first degree relative with DP however ratio is still 3:2 of non-hereditary to hereditary
      - often don't recognise they have DP until late teens when they see that others are struggling with it
      - autism
        
        many individuals with socio developmental disorder suffer an impairment in face recognition
        
        some DP show autistic spectrum symptoms
        
        still haven't determined a causal relationship however some understanding that early failure in amygdala functioning in early childhood leads to face recognition impairment
        
        the evidence suggests that DP should be considered as an independent condition to autism
  - - - reduced connectivity between FG and anterior temoral and frontal regions
      - DPs have altered R and L inferior longitudinal fasciculus and inferior fronto-occipital fasiculus
  - - - fairly specific problems with face recognition and emotion regulation but normal range performance with inverted faces and headless bodies
      - normal greeble learning abilities suggesting greebles are learnt using object recognition systems not face processing meachanisms
      - suggests he has a defecti at the structural encoding stage of face processing
      - researchers suggest he failed to develop a face specific processing mechanism which did not affect other object recognition systems
    - - p's asked to indicate whether target regions (face halved containing the eyes) were the same or different while ignoring distractor regions which were always different
      - composite effects similar in magnitude to the effects found in p's with normal face processing suggesting DPs are not impaired at configural processing
      - composite face effects exhibited by both samples were greatly diminished when the stimuli were inverted
- - - - facial recognition units: stored faces
        
        person identity nodes: access to semantic info
        
        name generation