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Steel Production + Properties of Materials - Coggle Diagram
Steel Production + Properties of Materials
Steel Prodcution
Ferrous Metal
Iron Ore
The Iron is the main form of iron oxide which is chemically combined with oxygen
Ore has amounts of earthy materials in the form of rocks which need to be removed before smelting
The Blast Furnace
Iron ore is smelted in a blast furnace
The Charge is made up of iron ore, coke and limestone.
As the coke burns it produces heat and carbon monoxide gas, this reacts with iron ore to produce iron and slag
The Blast furnace uses a lining called refractory lining which stops the wall of the furnace from melting
The Production of Steel
Steel is produced by refining iron and re-melting iron and steel scrap
The Basic Oxygen Process
Scrap metal and molten iron is fed into the furnace
Lime is fed into the furnace to form a slag. Samples are taken during the blow stage
When the temperature and the composition are correct, the furnace is tilted to let the slag out
The Electric Arc Furnace
The electric arc furnace is used for produce steels for general use
Scrap metal, lime, and mill scale or iron ore are producing a slag
The slag is removed and the steel is tapped by rotating the furnace on its rollers
Plain Carbon and Alloy Steels and their Properties
Mild steel
Ductile and malleable - Properties
Examples
Railings and girders
Medium carbon steel
Tough and strong - Properties
Examples
Wire ropes and gears
High carbon steel
Can be hardened and tempered - Properties
Examples
Cutting tools and hammers
Types of Alloy Steel
High-speed steel
Alloying Elements
Iron and tungsten
Properties
Very hard and can withstand head generated at high cutting speeds
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Stainless steel
Alloying Elements
Iron and nickel
Properties
Great resistance to corrosion
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Type of Metal
Cast iron
Brittle and strong in compression - Properties
Examples
Drilling machines and tables
Tinplate
Attractive appearance and easily soldered - Properties
Examples
Containers e.g. for food and paint
Galvanised iron
Good resistance to corrosion - Properties
Examples
Roofs and buckets
Non-Ferrous Metals
Aluminum
Lightweight and malleable - Properties
Examples
Airplane parts and trucks
Copper
Ductile and malleable - Properties
Examples
Electric cables and plumbing fittings
Lead
Soft and malleable - Properties
Examples
Car batteries and chimney flashings
Zinc
Corrosion resistant and brittle - Properties
Examples
Toys and machine parts
Tin
Soft and corrosion resistant - Properties
Examples
For food cans
Non-Ferrous Alloys
(Brass) Corrosion resistant and a attractive appearance - Properties
Examples
Musical instruments and electrical fittings
Bronze
Harder and tougher - Properties
Examples
Pumps and values
Solder
Low melting point and good joining point - Properties
Examples
To make connections in electrical and electronic work
Corrosion
Rusting of iron and steel is the most common form of metal corrosion
Strength of Materials
Tensile strength
The maximum pulling or tensile stress a material can withstand before breaks
Examples
Cables and chains
Compressive strength
The ability of a material to withstand compressive forces
Shear strength
The ability of a material to resist shearing forces
Examples
Bench shears
Bending strength
The ability of a material to resist bending forces
It tends to bend a material
Torsional strength
The abilty of a material to withstand a twisting force or torsion
It tends to twist a material
Other Properties of Materials
Hardness
The ability of a material to withstand abrasive wear
Ductility
The ability of a material to be stretched or drawn into thinner sections by a tensile force
Malleability
The ability of a material to be deformed or extended in all directions without rupture by rolling or hammering
Toughness
The ability of a material to withstand impacts and blow without fracture
Brittleness
A brittle material can easily be fractured by impact
Elasticity
The ability of a material to return to its original shape once freed from a deforming force
Conductivity
The ability of a material to allow heat, electricity or sound to flow through it