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Physics 25, dropped image link - Coggle Diagram
Physics 25
Formulas
ΔE = Pt: ENERGY - joules (J), POWER - watts (W), TIME - seconds (s); measures how much energy an object uses over a certain period of time
Ep = mgΔh : ENERGY POTENTIAL - (J), MASS - Kilograms (kg), GRAVITATIONAL FIELD STRENGTH - (earth 10 N/kg), CHANGE IN HEIGHT - metres (m); how much gravitational energy an object has depending on height above ground.
ET = mcΔT: THERMAL ENERGY - (J), mass (Kg), SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY - c (J/Kg°C), CHANGE IN TEMP - T (°C); calculates how much heat energy is needed to change the temp of an object.
P = VI: POWER - watts (W), VOLTAGE - volts (V), CURRENT - amperes (I); electrical power used in circuit based on voltage and current
g = 10N/Kg - Earths gravitational field strength; the force off which gravity pulls things towards the surface e.g on earth each Kg of mass is pulled down with 10 newtons of force.
Ek = 1/2mv^2: KiNETIC ENERGY (J), MASS (Kg) VELOCITY (m/s); how much kinetic energy a moving object has.
W = Fd; WORK - (J), FORCE - (N), DISTANCE/DISPLACEMENT (m); work done/energy used when a force moves an object over a certain distance.
Et = mL: MASS (Kg), SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT - (J/Kg); How much energy is needed to change the state of a object without changing temperature.
Ohms law V = IR - VOLTAGE (V), CURRENT (Amperes), Resistance (Ohms, Ω); the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance.
Electrical
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Electric current is the flow of electrons,
For current to flow their needs to be a closed circuit. this is because their needs to be somewhere for the electrons to go once being pushed out of their path.
e.g in a battery one side has a negative charge (with excess electrons) while the other has a positive charge (an absence of electrons). In a closed circuit electrons from the negative side are released into the circut, pushing the electrons in the wire into the positive side of the battery, thus creating a current
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Some materials like metals such as copper and aluminium are better conductors of electrical current because of the way their atoms are formed. E.g metals with only one valance electron (electrons in the outer shell) are better at moving current around a circuit because the electrons can move from atom to atom easier and are not as tightly bonded as other materials.
States of matter
Solids - Particles are held tightly together and slowly vibrating, but attractive forces prevent them from moving apart.
Liquids - Particles move more and can overcome some attractive forces (such as ionic and covalent, and metallic bonds) allowing them to slides past each other.
Gas - Kinetic energy of particles is greater than attractive forces meaning particles move farther apart and freelly of each other.
Thermal
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Heat transfer - (Q) a form of energy transfer, when 2 bodies of different temp interact, the warmer object transfers heat into the colder one until they are of equal temp, can be done through convection, conduction, and radiation.
Thermal energy - total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance, particles of higher temp are warmer.
Heat
Sensible heat - heat energy being added of removed from a substance without changing the state.
Sensible meaning it can be sensed e.g heating water from 20-30, you can feel or measure the temp change.
Specific heat capacity - the ammount of heat energy needed to raise 1 kg of substance by 1 degree and is a property of the material (J/kg·°C).
circuts
Series circuits are when all components are connected together through a single path. the same current flows accross the whole path and voltage is shared between them.
Parallel circuits are when a circiut is split into multiple paths allowing current to run independently through all of them while the voltage stays the same.
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Resistence
Restricts the flow of electrons, mainly seen with certian materials
Work
Is defined as when force is applied to an object, making it move
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Energy
The ability or capacity to do work ro cause change. It is a abstract (non-tangible) mathamatical property that allows for the transfer and stransformation of energy to and within objects.
In equations this is represented as E, however when expressing an ammount of energy the unit is J (joules)
Energy of an object or system is split into 2 instances in time, the initial and final state.
A system is a object or group of objects that are treated together, e.g a ball being thrown in the air is a system of the ball and earth because gravitational energy.
After finding initial and final states we can identify the change in energy, e.g a ball being thrown is a change of chemical potential energy to kinetic energy, which then gets slowly converted to gravitational until it peak thus change back into kinetic as it comes back down.
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