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Singapore Airworthiness Requirements Part 21 - Coggle Diagram
Singapore Airworthiness Requirements Part 21
SUBSECTION I
GENERAL
Effectivity
Part issued on 15 June 2005.
Amendments issued and effective on various dates.
Latest Amendment 10 on 25 June 2021.
Definitions
chicago convention-Aircraft tools, excluding airframe or engine parts.
contracting state-Any country, including Singapore, party to the Chicago Convention.
certifying staff-POA personnel certified by DGCA for CAAS(AW)95 Release.
design signatory-DOA personnel certify design data for airworthiness.
appliance-Tools or accessories for aircraft operation, excluding airframe or engine parts.
EASA-European Aviation Safety
Agency
FAA-Federal Aviation
Administration of the United States of America
major modification-Type design change with significant impact on airworthiness.
major repair-Repair with significant impact on airworthiness.
article-Refers to product components when applicable.
accountable mamager-Manager ensuring DGCA compliance for an Approval holder.
minor-In modification or repair, it means anything that is not major.
organisation-Refers to any individual, entity, or organization.
modification-
Compliant design change under approved standards.
product-an aircraft, engine or propeller.
repair-
Restore to airworthy condition, ensuring compliance with original design standards post damage or wear.
singapore technial standart order-
minimum performance standard set by the DGCA for specified articles.
technical standard order-Minimum performance standard issued by the FAA for specified articles.
type design-
Essential data defining a product for airworthiness.
Applicability
Governs holder privileges.
Outlines Approval maintenance.
Covers certificates, approvals, and their applications.
Part specifies ANO-related requirements.
SUBSECTION II
DESIGN APPROVAL
CHANGES TO TYPE CERTIFICATES
Applicability
Foreign Type Certificate: Procedural & Airworthiness Requirements
Application
Variant Type Certificate Application: Subpart A
Singapore product changes: Subpart C or agreed procedures.
SUPPLEMENTAL TYPE CERTIFICATES
Manuals
STC applicant must:
Create, keep, and revise manuals as per SAR-21.315 standards.
Update manuals to reflect changes introduced by the supplemental type certificate.
Instructions for continued airworthiness
STC applicant needs revised airworthiness instructions per SAR-21.315.
STC applicant distributes revised airworthiness instructions to all operators.
Showing of compliance
STC applicant requirements
Submit supporting data to DGCA
Provide a compliance statement for SAR-21.315 standards
Prove product compliance with SAR-21.315 design standards
Grant of a supplemental type certificate
DGCA grants STC if:
Safety equivalents cover any unmet requirements.
No unsafe features for requested certification.
Changed product aligns with SAR-21.315 standards.
STC holder must follow Subsection VI besides Subpart rules.
Designation of applicable airworthiness design standards
STC applicant follows current airworthiness standards (SAR-21.755)
DGCA may accept older standards if safe or impractical (SAR-21.755)
Inadequate standards may lead to special conditions (SAR-21.770)
Record keeping
STC holder maintains updated technical data file per STC.
Keep records for life of products with STC.
Design configuration control
Hold Design Organisation Approval (Subpart H)
Show control over design changes or have an arrangement, satisfying DGCA
Changes to that part of a product covered by a supplemental type certificate
STC holder needs DGCA approval for major part changes.
Minor changes in STC-covered part by STC holder don't need DGCA approval.
Application
Application for supplemental type certificate (STC) to DGCA
Identify necessary investigations
Source of information for STC
Change description
Affected parts and manuals
Airworthiness standards compliance (SAR-21.315)
Identify necessary investigations
Source of information for STC
Change completion in 3 years
Lapse if STC not obtained, new application needed
Use data for major changes: DGCA approved (SAR-21.117)
Use data for minor changes
DGCA approved
Design Organisation Approval (Subpart H)
Accepted by DGCA (SAR-21.117)
Transferability
STC transfer allowed to compliant organization with DGCA approval.
Privileges of a holder of a supplemental type certificate
STC holder can:
Approve minor design changes.
Engage in production per Subsection III.
Arrange for change embodiment on a product.
Applicability
Specifies
Privileges of Supplemental Type Certificate Holder
Supplemental Type Certificate Application Criteria
Non-Singapore applicants require DGCA approval
DGCA requires accepted foreign type certificate
Supplemental Type Certificate: Major Design Change per SAR-21.755
TYPE CERTIFICATES
Acceptability of foreign type certificates
Effective on 15 June 2005.
Applicability
Outlines requirements in paragraphs 8 and 17A of the Air Navigation Order (ANO)
Grant of a letter of acceptance of type certificate
Applicable type certification basis
Standards of aircraft noise, CO2 emission and engine emission
Safe for the intended use
Acceptability of data under a mutual recognition agreement or arrangement
Appproved by EASA
Issued by FAA certificate holder
Approved by FAA
Issued by EASA certificate holer
Application
SAR-21.755 aircraft emission standards
SAR 21.755 design standards
SINGAPORE TECHNICAL STANDARD ORDER (STSO) CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
STSO Certificate of Approval
DGCA may grant STSO if requirements met, possibly with conditions.
STSO holder follows Subsection VI & Subpart rules.
Record keeping
STSO Certificate holder retains records for 2 years after STSO article production stops:
Technical data file (drawings, specs, reports).
Inspection records for compliance tests.
Design configuration control
STSO Certificate applicant must:
Design Org Approval (Subpart H)
have DGCA-accepted arrangement for STSO design configuration control.
Design changes to STSO articles
Major STSO design changes require new SAR-21.455 application.
Application
TSO Certificate application requires:
Certification of compliance.
Model & component numbers.
Technical data per standards.
Instructions for Continued Airworthiness (if applicable).
Compliance with SAR-21.760 standards.
Design configuration control procedures.
Significant implications may require DOA under Subpart H.
Deviations need evidence for equivalent safety.
Privileges of a holder of STSO Certificate of Approval
STSO Certificate holder privileges (SAR-21.480):
Approve minor design changes.
Engage in production per Subsection III.
Mark STSO articles as DGCA-approved following SAR-21.1020(j).
Applicability
Subpart specifies:
STSO Certificate application requirements and privileges.
STSO Approval: Meets SAR-21.760.
DGCA won't grant if non-Singapore location burdens certification, unless manageable.
REPAIRS
Application
Repair design Approval application must:
Provide substantiation data ensuring continued compliance.
Present a compliance statement.
Include compliance with SAR-21.755 standards.
Include necessary instructions, limitations, and updates.
Comply with DGCA-approved data for major repairs (SAR-21.117), or minor repairs (DGCA/Holder's approval or SAR-21.117 acceptance).
Follow DGCA's acceptable format.
Design configuration control
Repair design Approval applicant:
Requires Design Organisation Approval (Subpart H).
OR needs DGCA-approved arrangement for repair design control demonstration.
Applicability
Subpart specifies DGCA's repair design Approval requirements.
Definitions:
Restoration without design is maintenance.
Repair to STSO article equals SAR-21.475 design change.
Repair design Approval
DGCA grants repair design Approval if requirements met, with conditions if needed.
Repair design Approval holder follows Subsection VI & Subpart rules.
Record keeping
Holder keeps records for repair life:
Technical data (drawings, specs, reports).
Inspection records for compliance.
Design changes to approved repairs
Repair design Approval for product/article repairs.
Design change in repair needs SAR-21.505 reapplication.
DESIGN ORGANISATION APPROVAL (DOA)
Exposition Document
DOA holder maintains Exposition Document:
Accountable manager signs before DGCA submission.
Updates need DGCA approval for accuracy.
Describes organization, design system per SAR-21.670.
Design control system
DOA holder's design control system:
Maintains detailed record-keeping.
Implements corrective and change procedures.
Identifies authorized design certifiers.
Specifies quality assurance and audits.
Ensures compliance with safety standards.
Verifies designs used for production by POA holders.
Clearly defines designs and changes.
Follows SAR-21.665 Exposition Document.
Application
DOA application follows DGCA's acceptable format.
Collaboration between design and production
DOA maintains design-production collaboration for product integrity.
Requirement to hold a DOA
Approval holders require DOA unless decided otherwise by DGCA:
Supplemental type certificate.
Modification or repair Approval.
Type certificate.
STSO Certificate of Approval for an article.
Continued airworthiness
DOA offers airworthiness instructions, if needed.
Applicability
DOA holder rules.
DOA holder privileges.
DOA grant procedures.
Grant of Approval
Subpart-compliant applicant may get DOA with conditions.
DOA holders follow Subsection VI.
Privileges of a holder of a DOA
DOA holder, within scope:
Approves minor changes.
Arranges DGCA-approved production.
Conducts design, issues compliance statements.
AIRWORTHINESS DESIGN STANDARDS
STSO articles
FAA-defined standards for TSO approval.
EASA-established standards for ETSO authorization.
DGCA-issued standards for STSO approval.
Standard parts, materials, and processes
DGCA accepts industry specs for airworthiness.
Products
Airworthiness design standards:
FAA regulations (Parts 23, 25, 27, 29, 33, 35)
DGCA-issued standards
Engine emissions: ICAO Annex 16 or equivalents.
CO2 emissions: ICAO Annex 16 or alternatives.
Noise: ICAO Annex 16 or alternatives.
Special conditions
DGCA can impose unique safety conditions.
If SAR-21.755 lacks safety for a product.
Due to novel design (a) or unconventional use (b).
Applicability
Sets standards for:
Parts, processes, appliances under STSO
Standard parts, materials, processes
Products
SUBSECTION III
PRODUCTION APPROVAL
PRODUCTION ORGANISATION APPROVAL (POA)
Production control system
POA holder's production control system must:
Identify approved designs.
Document inspections for materials.
Outline production inspection procedures.
Control nonconforming materials.
Identify special production processes.
Detail quality assurance and audits.
Identify certifying staff for releases.
Ensure conformity and safety.
Include corrective action procedures.
Coordinate with the design organization.
Mark products with essential information.
Establish a record-keeping system.
Adhere to the Exposition Document in SAR-21.1015.
Relationship between production and design
Have design approval or acceptable arrangement.
Maintain close collaboration for product integrity.
Exposition Document
Exposition describes SAR-21.1020 production control system.
Exposition lists POA holder's authorizations to subsidiaries or subcontractors.
POA holder keeps concise Exposition on org, personnel, resources, production, conformity, compliance.
Exposition Document signed by manager before DGCA approval.
Keep Exposition updated, submit amendments to DGCA for approval.
Record keeping
Product records until permanently withdrawn.
Article records for 2 years after production.
Application
POA application must meet DGCA's criteria.
Grant of Approval
Compliance with Subpart satisfies Authority for POA grant.
POA holder must also adhere to Subsection VI.
Requirement to hold a POA
No production allowed without a POA or a Subpart K letter of agreement.
Privileges of a holder of a POA
POA holder, within approval scope, can:
Produce products and articles.
Issue Authorised Release Certificates (Form CAAS(AW)95) for produced articles.
Applicability
Subpart specifies:
(a) Procedural requirements for POA grant.
(b) Holder requirements for POA.
(c) Privileges of POA holder.
PRODUCTION WITHOUT A POA
Production quality system, STSO articles
Establish quality procedures for STSO articles.
Ensure conformity with approved design data.
Confirm articles have no unsafe features.
Comply with STSO marking and record-keeping in Subpart J.
Application for and grant of a letter of agreement
Applicant ensures DGCA of satisfactory production without a POA.
Subpart compliance may lead to a letter of agreement.
Applicant can seek limited production without a POA in Subpart J.
ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF COMPLIANCE (AMC) AND
INTERPRETATIVE/EXPLANATORY MATERIAL (IEM)
General
Requirements for DGCA approval and continuation outlined in Section 1.
1.2 Section 2 includes AMC and IEM to assist applicants in compliance.
DGCA-issued ACs may contain additional AMC and/or IEM.
If no AMC, IEM, or AC is provided for a SAR paragraph, it's deemed not to require supplementary material.
Presentation
AMC and IEM defined:
(b) IEM helps illustrate the meaning of a requirement.
(a) AMC illustrates means of meeting requirements.
AMC and IEM displayed on full-page width, identified by issue/change number.
Numbering matches SAR paragraphs, preceded by AMC or IEM.
Explanatory notes, not in AMC/IEM, appear in smaller typeface.
Appendices include sample application forms; obtain the latest editions from CAAS directly or its website.