Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Endocrine Pancreas - Coggle Diagram
Endocrine Pancreas
Type 2 Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- more frequent in cats
- *reduced insulin secretion AND reduced insulin action (aka insulin resistance)
- risk factors = genetics, inactivity, obesity, diet, steroids and progestins
- best treatment is not insulin but the use of oral hypoglycemics and diet
Oral Hypoglycemis
Insulin Secretagogues
- increases release of insulin by preventing potassium from leaving the cell (ATP pump stops working)
- these meds will only work if there is some beta cells still present
Sulfonylureas
Glipizide
- increases release of insulin by blocking ATP-sensitive K+ channel on beta cells
-
-
-
Type 1 Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
- occurs most frequently in dogs and cats (more so dogs though)
- beta cell destruction (autoimmune) -> little or no production and secretion of insulin -> intracellular glucose deficiency -> diabetic ketoacidosis (switch to fat metabolism)
Insulin
Short acting insulin
Regular Insulin (Humulin, Novolin)
- used in emergencies as initial insulin therapy
-
Long acting insulin
Glargine (Lantus)
- use largely limited to cats
- 2 arginines added to insulin beta chain and an asparagine is replaced with a glycine in the alpha chain -> makes absorption phase longer so its longer acting
Insulin Determir (Levemir)
- used more so in dogs
- fatty acid is bound to lysine in beta chain; after absorption, it binds to albumin in blood and slowly dissociates from this complex = longer acting
Protamine Zinc Insulin (PZI)
- licensed for use in cats
- slow absorption phase and longer duration of action