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Cryptosporidium parvum - Coggle Diagram
Cryptosporidium parvum
History
- 1st reported by " Tyzer in 1907 " in gastric crypts on lab mouse.
- 1970 human case was reported
- Causative agent of infection affect human - "Cryptosporidium parvum "
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Morphology
- Only one form - "Cyst" - " Oocyst "
- "Spherical / Oval " shaped
- 4- 5 micrometer in diameter.
- Contains 4 Crescent shaped naked / Non- encysted sporozoites .
- Anterior end - Pointed
- Posterior end - Rounded / broader - Contain prominent Nucleus .
- Double layer cyst wall
- Infected & diagnostic form excreted in faeces.
Life cycle
Single host - Human / animals ( cattle,cat,dog)
- Asexual cycle - Schizogony
- Sexual cycle - Gametogony
- Infective form - Sporulated Oocyst
By contaminated food/ water
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Oocyst form attaches to tissues & to intestinal region by Gastric juice
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Cyst wall breakdown ➡ Sporozoites Released
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Transformed as Trophozoite
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It attaches to epithelial region which multiplies & starts to develop " Meront " .
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1st formed is Type I meront it releases " 8 Merozoites "
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Either it again infects intestinal epithelial region & forms into Type I meront (or)
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sometimes 8 Merozoites it forms Type II meronts which releases " 4 Merozoites ''
( Asexual cycle overs )
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( Sexual cycle starts )
These 4 Merozoites results in the formation of "Micro and Macrogamont"
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1 microgamont releases "12 - 16 microgametes "
& 1 macrogamont releases only 1 Macrogamete .
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1 Microgamete sufficient for Fertilizing
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Fertilization micro & macrogamete forms "Zygote" ↔ Oocyst formation
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80% forms "thick walled " &
Only 20% forms " thin walled "
Thick wall has 2 layer released as " faeces" with sporulated oocyst & thin walled Locust causes "Autoinfection"
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Pathogenesis
- Immunodeficiency individuals - Symptomatic intestinal & Respiratory cryptosporidiasis
- Immunocompetent - Short term , Self - limiting diarrhea lasting approx to weeks .
- Immunocompromised - Same Type of infection , in severe it results in - Prolonged life threatening,Cholera like illness.
- Gastrointestinal tract , Extraintestinal cryptosporidiasis ,Cholecystitis, Hepatitis, Pancreatitis .
- Infection of Gall bladder ,Oocyst released as Stool.
Lab diagnosis
- Stool Examination:
√ Direct wet mount
√ Stool conc tecq
√ Modified AFS staining
√Immunofluorescent Ab
- Sputum:
√ 10% formalin & examined Oocyst
- Histopathological test - Haematoxylin & Eosin stain
- Molecular methods - ELiSA & PCR
:
Treatment
- Immunocompetent host - For Dehydration
- Immunosuppresant drugs
- AIDS / Congenital deficiency
- Antimicrobial angents - Spiramycin, Paromycin, Nitazoxanide , Azithromycin .
Symptoms
√ Watery diarrhea.
√ Stomach cramps or pain.
√ Dehydration.
√ Nausea.
√ Vomiting. :
√ Fever.
√ Weight loss.