Isospora [belli
Morphology
Single form - oocyst
Ellipsoidal shape
Sporoblast - immature oocyst
Sporocyst - mature form (double layer covering)
Inside each sporocyst,4 sporozoites develop
Each sporocyst size is 9-14 ×7- 12
This transformation takes place in soil(3-4 days)
Life cycle
Asexual cycle
Sexual cycle
By means of contaminated food and water which harbours sporozoites will cause infection
8 sporozoites will be released in intestine
It starts invading the intestinal epithelial layer
It transforms morphological form and gets multiplied to form merozoites
Microgamete (20-25) and macrogamete (1) takes place in small intestine
One microgamete will fertilize macrogamete
After fertilization the zygote formed is called as immature oocyst. It will released through faecal form
Pathogenicity
Infection is asymptomatic
It infect immunocompetent and immunocompromised patient
Immunocompromised patient - fever,nausea, vomiting, dizziness and sometimes major complications
Lymphadenopathy, hepato spleenomegaly
Lab dignosis
Sample - stool
Modified acid fast staining
Fluorescent staining - Auramine , Rhodomine dyes
Wet mount
Treatment
Immunocompetent patients - supportive treatment to prevent dehydration
Individual receiving immunocompressant drugs- cessation of immunonsuppresants
AIDS or congenital deficiency - continuous supportive therapy
Antimicrobial agents - co- trimoxazole