Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Yemen civil war - Coggle Diagram
Yemen civil war
How did it start
History
By 1918 Yemen is split in two states, in the North West of the country Shi'a imams establish a Kingdom seperate from the Ottoman Empire and across the rest of the country the British have established a protectorate.
In 1967 Southern Yemen gains indpendence from the British and until 1990 will remain seperate from Northern Yemen with a monarch vs socialist government devide developing. In 1990 foloowing the collapse of the USSR the nation is united.
Arab Spring
Across the Arab world 2011 meant mass protests, governments being toppled and calls for democracy. Yemen was no different.
Like stanard protests started and then there were cracked down on by the government. Protests spread until Saleh agreed to not seek re-'election' and a political transition is agreed by the GCC.
Meanwhile Al-Qeada entered the east of the country and capitalised on the reducing in authority to take territory.
Reform negotiions begin to breakdown and the Houthis reluanch offensives against the government (having waged multiple wars with there in the past) and take the capital Sanna. This breaks with the peace making attempts. The government flee to Saudi Arabia and most of the country is held by the Houthis.
In March 2015 the Saudi's invade and although they do not get complete support from the UN the defeat of the Houthi's is supported by the security council.
After this the war has ground to a halt, with the most recent flair up being following the Gaza war when Houthi attacks in the Red Sea drew in British and American naval forces to launch strikes against them to defend trade.
-
In 2011 the country was a repressive state ruled by President Ali Abdullah Saleh with Freedom House ranking it as almost as unfree as possible.
Whose involved
Internal factions
The Southern Transitional Council -- formed earlier and led a secession from the central government for a few months; in recent times they have restarted their support for independence of the southern region. They currently have an uneasy truce with the government following a 2019 ceasefire deal agreed by the Saudis.
Al-Qeada -- a group that needs little introduction and the picture of Islamic militancy, they were the first militant resistence against the government following the start of protests. It is one of the largest branches of the group now.
-
The government -- previously back by the USA in the 2000s as a force that could counter Al-Qeada, now led by president Hadi who was appointed to lead a transitionary government.
Internationally
In support of the UN recorginised governemnt is Saudi Arabia (with ground forces), the UAE and Abu Dhabi and to a lesser extent Western NATO nations who have, at points, provided arms and inteligence.
In support of the Houthi's are Iran, although those they deny this.
The UAE have armed and trained the 50,000 Southern Transitional Council.
-
-