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Vaginitis - Coggle Diagram
Vaginitis
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Types
- Description: Imbalance in natural bacteria disrupts the vagina's equilibrium.
- Description: Overgrowth of fungus Candida albicans due to various factors.
- Description: Caused by the parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, often transmitted through sex.
- Description: Viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV) and low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) cause infection through sexual contact.
- Non-Infectious Vaginitis:
- Description: Allergic reactions to products like sprays and douches trigger inflammation.
- Description: Post-menopause, reduced estrogen levels lead to a dry and atrophic vagina.
Pathophysiology
- Etiological Factor: Vaginitis begins with exposure to an etiological factor, depends on any bacteria, virus, microorganism, etc.
- Disruption of Vaginal Flora: The normal balance of vaginal flora is disturbed, creating an environment conducive to infection.
- Proliferation of Pathogens: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites, multiply in the altered vaginal environment.
- Inflammation: The overgrowth of pathogens triggers inflammation of the vaginal tissues.
- Symptom Presentation: Inflammatory changes lead to symptoms like discharge, itching, and discomfort.
- Diagnosis and Treatment: A healthcare provider assesses symptoms, identifies the causative agent, and prescribes targeted treatment to restore the vaginal balance.
Clinical manifestation
- Candida (Yeast) Infections:
- Thick, white discharge resembling cottage cheese.
- Watery, odorless discharge.
- Itchy, red, and sometimes swollen vagina or vulva.
- "Small cuts" on vulva due to soft skin.
- Burning sensation during urination.
- Asymptomatic or discovered during routine exams.
- Abnormal-smelling discharge, worse after sex or menstruation.
- Thin, milky discharge with a "fishy" odor.
- Rare red or itchy vagina unless co-infected with yeast.
- Frothy, greenish-yellow, foul-smelling discharge.
- Itching, soreness, and burning during urination.
- Discomfort in lower abdomen, exacerbated after menstruation.
- Non-Infectious Vaginitis:
- Itching, burning, and irritation in vulva and vagina.
- Thick, mucus-like, yellow, or green vaginal discharge.
- Pain, especially during intercourse.
- Vaginal itching and burning.
- Symptoms of urinary urgency and frequency.
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Management
Nursing care
- Rest in bed: Follow recommended positions (supine, recumbent, semi-flower, flower) for recovery.
- Monitor Vital Signs: Regularly record blood pressure, pulse, respiration, temperature, and pain score to track progress.
- Intravenous Saline Drip: Insert and monitor IV saline to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
- Administer Medication: Follow prescription guidelines, ensuring the right patient, medication, dosage, route, time, documentation, and handling refusals correctly.
- Blood Specimen Collection: Take and label blood samples for investigation purposes.
- Documentation: Maintain detailed records for diagnosis support and activity proof.
- Clothing Change: Change out of wet clothes promptly.
- Relieve Itching: Use a cool, damp face cloth or take cool baths to alleviate itching.
Health education
- Follow-Up Treatment: Attend appointments as scheduled by the doctor for ongoing care.
- Medication Adherence: Take prescribed medications at the correct dosage and timing.
- Balanced Diet: Consume a well-rounded diet based on the food pyramid.
- Hydration: Ensure the intake of 8 glasses of boiled water daily to prevent dehydration.
- Avoid Alcohol and Smoking: Refrain from drinking alcohol and smoking as they can impact health negatively.
- Active Lifestyle: Practice a healthy, active lifestyle with light exercises like jogging, walking, or yoga for enhanced recovery.
- Metronidazole Precaution: Do not consume anything with alcohol while taking metronidazole.
- Avoid Tight Clothing: Steer clear of tight clothing to minimize moisture buildup.
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Definition
Inflammation or infection in the vagina, is a common health issue affecting women at different life stages.
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