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((The skull is the bony structure that forms the head and protects the…

- - - - a. Frontal Bone: It forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets (or orbits).
      - b. Parietal Bones: There are two parietal bones, one on each side of the skull. They form the sides and roof of the cranial cavity.
      - c. Temporal Bones: There are two temporal bones, one on each side of the skull. They are located on the lower sides of the skull and house the middle and inner ear structures.
      - d. Occipital Bone: It forms the back of the skull and the base of the cranium. The large opening at the base, called the foramen magnum, allows the passage of the spinal cord.
      - e. Sphenoid Bone: It is a complex bone located at the base of the skull. It forms the central part of the cranial floor and contributes to the sides of the skull and the orbits.
      - f. Ethmoid Bone: It is a delicate bone located between the eye sockets. It forms part of the nasal cavity and contributes to the separation of the nasal passages.
    - - a. Maxilla: There are two maxillae, one on each side of the face. They form the upper jaw, support the upper teeth, and contribute to the formation of the nasal cavity and the orbits.
      - b. Mandible: It is the lower jawbone and is the largest and strongest facial bone. It supports the lower teeth and allows for movements such as chewing and speaking.
      - c. Zygomatic Bones: There are two zygomatic bones, commonly known as the cheekbones. They articulate with the frontal bone, maxilla, and temporal bone.
      - d. Nasal Bones: There are two nasal bones that form the bridge of the nose.
      - e. Lacrimal Bones: There are two lacrimal bones, one on each side of the face. They are thin and located within the orbits. They contribute to the formation of the tear ducts.
      - f. Vomer: It is a thin, flat bone located in the midline of the nasal cavity. It forms part of the nasal septum, which separates the left and right nasal passages.
      - g. Inferior Nasal Conchae: There are two inferior nasal conchae, one on each side of the nasal cavity. They are scroll-shaped bones that help increase the surface area of the nasal cavity and humidify the inhaled air.
    - - a. Sutures: These are fibrous joints that connect the cranial bones. They allow for limited movement during birth and provide stability to the skull in adults.
      - b. Fontanelles: These are soft spots found in the skulls of newborns and infants. They allow for the growth and expansion of the skull during early development.
      - c. Sinuses: The skull contains several air-filled spaces called sinuses. The sinuses lighten the skull and provide resonance to the voice.
      - d. Foramina: These are openings in the skull through which nerves, blood vessels, and other structures pass. Examples include the foramen magnum, optic foramina, and various cranial nerve foramina.