Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Beck (1967) on Cognitive Approach to MDD - Coggle Diagram
Beck (1967) on Cognitive Approach to MDD
What is MDD and what are some symptoms?
Major Depressive Disorder is considered a critical desease as it greatly affects a person's life
Symptoms of MDD include decrease in interest or participation, insomnia, self-isolation, appetite changes, and negative emotions such as severe unhappiness or feelings of guilt.
Cognative Triad
Negative view of the future
See their future as unsuccessful and hopeless due to their self image or worthlessness
Negative view of the self
See themselves as helpless, at fault, worthless, etc
Negative view of the world
See the world as hell, nothing is right and nothing good can happen
As the frequency og this increases, it leads to impairments in perception, problem solving, and memory. Additionally, the person becomes obsessed with negative thoughts
Negative Self-Schema
Set of believes about oneself that are negative and potentially harmful
May be cause by traumatic event, usually during childhood
Death of a loved one
Bullying or exclusion
Bad parenting
Overprotection
Constnat criticism
Abuse
Neglect
A tragic event is needed to activate this, unlocking and prioritising negative emotions and memories from one's past
Errors in Logic
Ignore parts of a situation and focus only one chosen parts, usually the negative ones
Magnification and Minimisation
Any problems they encounter are perceived as worse than they actually are, and any solution or positive thoughts are perceived as less than they actually are
Personalisation
An occurance of a negative event is thought to be their own fault, even when they had absolutely no control over the outcome
Selective Abstraction
One focuses on only the worst aspects of a situation, ignoring all positive ones
Arbitrary Interface
One decides on a negative conclusion, even when there is no evidence to support it
Dichotomous Thinking
Everything is either good or bad, nothing can be a bit of both
Such thoughts tend to become automatic, and when negative thoughts are automatic, depression is highly likely to be present
Process of cognitive aspect of depression
A negative event or emotion occurs
Cognitive Triad is consciously or unconsciously initiated
Negative Self-Schema appears due to the strong emotions present in the cognitive triad
Illogical thinking occurs as one's head is clouded by their false image of worthlessness and negative self-schema
Depression will not always occur when this process begins, but the steps of getting depression tend to be in this same order
Martin Selligman (1974)
Learned Helplessness
Depression occurs when attempts to escape negative emotions or events are consistently unsuccessful
Experiment
Placed dog on a metal board and shocked them
The dog ran away from the metal board
Placed a harness on the dog to keep them on the board
After a few shocks, being unable to escape, the dog stopped attempting to run
Harness was removed and the dog was shocked again
None of the dogs ran from the metal board, having learned that they can not escape
Depression was observed in multiple of the dogs following the experiment