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OVERHEAD VS UNDERGROUND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS, MUHAMMAD AIMAN BIN KAMAL…

- - - - A less expensive way to compared to underground distributions systems.
    - - Easier to spot and locate the damage and faults and makes it less expensive to repair and upgrade when necessary.
    - - Construction of overhead power lines are much more flexible.
      - They can be easily upgraded because poles, wires and transformers can be easily shifted to meet the load changes in load conditions.
      - Have a much wider choice during the planning and construction phase.
    - - Have a higher current carrying capacity. Any voltage can be placed overhead.
  - - - More susceptible to bad weather, such as high winds as power lines can break and fall onto the ground.
      - More vulnerable to damage from contact from trees and vegetation because of uninsulated power lines.
      - Risk of electrocution for someone standing below or near it.
    - - Looks unattractive as it creates clutter and looks very unsightly.
- - - - Chances of electrocution are low as their power lines are insulated.
      - Little chance of anyone coming into contact with the conductors as they are placed underground.
    - - Low voltage underground transmission lines are reliable and are better protected against weather and other conditions.
    - - Looks more attractive. Underground power lines do not obstruct their view.
  - - - More expensive because involves works due to cost of digging, trenching, laying the vaults, cables, machinery and so on.
      - The cables must be insulated with expensive cable joints.
    - - Susceptible to insulation deterioration because of the loading cycles that lines undergo during their lifetime.
      - Difficult to find the location of faults causes it to be expensive to build and repair.
    - - Limitations on voltages that can be buried underground.
    - - Already existing underground utilities may disrupt the planning and construction process of the system.
      - It is difficult to modify after installation because the inability to readily access lines or relocate sections of lines.
      - Consumes more time and planning to construct the underground lines as more processes are involved.