China vs Nigeria
Background and location
China
Nigeria
fact file of development indictors to show the level of development
HDI: 0.539
Life expectancy: 54.69
Death rate:11.42% per 1000
Births rate: 5.32 per woman(2019)
description
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Borders with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. To the south, it borders the Gulf of Guinea, part of the Atlantic Ocean.
On the West Africa.
Gulf of Guinea lies on the south of Nigeria.
Megacity: Lagos
fact file of development indictors to show the level of development
.
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gdp per capita is $11,891 in 2021
GNni per capita is $19,170
Birth rate 9.93 per 1000
DR 7.9 per 1000
LE 77.2HDi 0.761
Literacy – 96.8%
People live in poverty – 0.6% of the pop.
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Description
Easter Asia along the coastline of the pacfic ocean and situated in the eastern and northern hemisphere of the Earth.
Share international borders with 14 sovereign state and many neighboring seas.
No. Megacities: 7
The population distribution of the country
Nigeria
population distribution
- Large % live within the coast, dense along the Northern river basin like Kano and Sokoto.
- also along Lagos due to rich agricultural regions (400 pp/km)
- Sparsely populated: Mostly, migrants come from south eastern region
explained by geographical factors, including social, economic and environmental.
Push Factors
Social: Shortage of land
Pull factors:
- Better health care centres and treatments in Lagos -> improved in standard of living
- More access to clean water and electricity than other regions of Nigeria.
- Higher education availability (68% have a secondary education), as well as more schools and universities in Lagos -> having access to education means that people could get better paying jobs.(SOCIAL)
- Economic: Lagos, a major area for industry, constructions and business sectors, attracts many national migrants in search of employment
Political unrest in rural Nigeria
Environment: Oil industry caused heavy pollution in the Niger Delta region
China
population distribution
densely populated in SE and sparsely in NW.
South East (pull factors):
- Near coast, flat land, good for dev. Shanghai has elevation less than 25m (economic)
- Job opportunities, education, low crime rate, developed transportation route, no war, access to healthcare (social)
- Temperate climate, fertile soil, accessibility to water and high rain rate. (environmental)
North West (push factors):
Inland, unsuitable for human activity(>5000 in Tibet, mountaineous terrains) (environmental)
Long distance from other core areas, lack of job opportunities, lack of public services, underdeveloped transportation. (social)
Primary sector jobs so no hope for future development (social)
Lack of rain & harsh climate (environmental)
Internal Migration
Nigeria
Identify areas where migrants and coming from (out migration) and where they are moving to (in migration).
Less developed places-> To Lagos, Abuja
North, south east-> south west
Explain why people are migrating to and from these areas (push and pull factors)
Pull factors:
- Employment
- Better education
- economic center (Lagos), Capital(Abuja)
Push factors:
- Poor social economic structure --> Low income
- Lack of agriculture
- Terrorist activity of Boko Haram
China
Identify areas where migrants and coming from (out migration) and where they are moving to (in migration).
Moving to eastern half of the country; specifically Shanghai, Shenzhen (along the southerneastern coast); E.g. Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys, Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai
Explain why people are migrating to and from these areas (push and pull factors)
Low transportation cost, better infrastructure including healthcare, education
the west and central areas, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated
Better job opportunities: Young rural men migrate to urban areas for construction jobs, services, and manufacturing.Young rural women find jobs in factories in the coastal areas, where they earn $1.25-$1.75 per day, 2-5x earn from farming.
Consequence: Most of China's 25 million construction workers are migrants from the countryside.
Economic Development
Nigeria
Identify areas of high and low economic development and explain the core and periphery pattern
Core: South of Nigeria because it is important for trade and commerce, - 80% of Nigeria's industry is located within Lagos, contributes 30% of Nigeria's GDP --> internal migration results in megacity. This megacity act as economic cores that draw more investment from industry and internal migration.
China
Identify areas of high and low economic development
High development places:
- Shanghai, Shenzhen (along the southeastern coast)
- There are urban clusters such as Yangtze River Delta (Guangdong - Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area)
Low development places: Guizhou, Guangdong
Describe and explain the core and periphery pattern that exists in your country in terms of its population distribution and megacity growth.
Description: the megacity urban clusters mostly lie on the coast. Explanation: Coast allows fishing and trade which boost economic growth. As a result, lots of migrants move to urban places like these for better job opportunities and high paid jobs --> results in more megacities.
Analysis
Power: Chinese cities and megacities have created urban clusters that act as economic cores that draw FURTHER investment from industry and internal migration. With the help of the Chinese authorities in investing in infrastructure, more megacities in China have the power to attract more migrants. This will generate lots of revenue for the authorities, which further increases the power of megacities.
Chinese authorities want city clusters to develop to improve economic integration between these cities. Scale: The development of megacities in Eastern China has helped fuel the economic growth of China because economic integration has reduced the cost of trade and increase efficiency in working together.
Possibility: The further increase in power and a national impact of economic intergration will eventually attract international migrants to work for better job opportunities and high-paying jobs.
Analysis
Power: Lagos has some substantial power to draw investment for the whole country. It also has huge power to attracts migrants since 80% of Nigeria's industry is here. The government relies a part on Lagos for tax and investment in infrastructure. This means that if Lagos collapsed, Nigeria would experience fall in GDP. Fall in GDP results in fall in income, unemployment.
Analysis
The power of governent in investing in infrastructure increases because there is high amount of tax.
Possibility: There is a bigger gap of wealth between the SE and NW as there is further investment in SE in compared to NW. This is because the NW has harsh climate and it is inland, which is unsuitable for human activity. The megacities growth continues on the eastern half of the country, due to further internal migration. These megacities will draw more investment from internal migration.
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Link to internal migration to explain the population distribution
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Link to internal migration to explain the population distribution