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China vs Nigeria - Coggle Diagram

- - - - gdp per capita is $11,891 in 2021
        
        GNni per capita is $19,170
        
        Birth rate 9.93 per 1000
        
        DR 7.9 per 1000
        
        LE 77.2HDi 0.761
        
        Literacy – 96.8%
        
        People live in poverty – 0.6% of the pop.
    - - Easter Asia along the coastline of the pacfic ocean and situated in the eastern and northern hemisphere of the Earth.
        Share international borders with 14 sovereign state and many neighboring seas.
  - - - HDI: 0.539
      - Life expectancy: 54.69
      - Death rate:11.42% per 1000
      - Births rate: 5.32 per woman(2019)
    - - Borders with Benin, Niger, Chad and Cameroon. To the south, it borders the Gulf of Guinea, part of the Atlantic Ocean.
        
        On the West Africa.
        
        Gulf of Guinea lies on the south of Nigeria.
- - - - Large % live within the coast, dense along the Northern river basin like Kano and Sokoto.
        
        also along Lagos due to rich agricultural regions (400 pp/km)
        
        Sparsely populated: Mostly, migrants come from south eastern region
    - - Push Factors
        
        Social: Shortage of land
        
        Political unrest in rural Nigeria
        
        Environment: Oil industry caused heavy pollution in the Niger Delta region
      - Pull factors:
        
        Better health care centres and treatments in Lagos -> improved in standard of living
        
        More access to clean water and electricity than other regions of Nigeria.
        
        Higher education availability (68% have a secondary education), as well as more schools and universities in Lagos -> having access to education means that people could get better paying jobs.(SOCIAL)
        
        Economic: Lagos, a major area for industry, constructions and business sectors, attracts many national migrants in search of employment
      - Link to internal migration to explain the population distribution
  - - - densely populated in SE and sparsely in NW.
        
        South East (pull factors):
        
        Near coast, flat land, good for dev. Shanghai has elevation less than 25m (economic)
        
        Job opportunities, education, low crime rate, developed transportation route, no war, access to healthcare (social)
        
        Temperate climate, fertile soil, accessibility to water and high rain rate. (environmental)
        
        North West (push factors):
        
        Inland, unsuitable for human activity(>5000 in Tibet, mountaineous terrains) (environmental)
        
        Long distance from other core areas, lack of job opportunities, lack of public services, underdeveloped transportation. (social)
        
        Primary sector jobs so no hope for future development (social)
        
        Lack of rain & harsh climate (environmental)
        
        Link to internal migration to explain the population distribution
- - - -  Less developed places-> To Lagos, Abuja
        North, south east-> south west
    - - Pull factors:
        
        Employment
        
        Better education
        
        economic center (Lagos), Capital(Abuja)
      - Push factors:
        
        Poor social economic structure --> Low income
        
        Lack of agriculture
        
        Terrorist activity of Boko Haram
  - - - Moving to eastern half of the country; specifically Shanghai, Shenzhen (along the southerneastern coast); E.g. Yangtze and Yellow River Valleys, Beijing, Shenyang, Shanghai
      - the west and central areas, with its vast mountainous and desert areas, remains sparsely populated
    - - Low transportation cost, better infrastructure including healthcare, education
        
        Analysis
        
        The power of governent in investing in infrastructure increases because there is high amount of tax.
        
        Possibility: There is a bigger gap of wealth between the SE and NW as there is further investment in SE in compared to NW. This is because the NW has harsh climate and it is inland, which is unsuitable for human activity. The megacities growth continues on the eastern half of the country, due to further internal migration. These megacities will draw more investment from internal migration.
      - Better job opportunities: Young rural men migrate to urban areas for construction jobs, services, and manufacturing.Young rural women find jobs in factories in the coastal areas, where they earn $1.25-$1.75 per day, 2-5x earn from farming.
        
        Consequence: Most of China's 25 million construction workers are migrants from the countryside.
- - - - Core: South of Nigeria because it is important for trade and commerce, - 80% of Nigeria's industry is located within Lagos, contributes 30% of Nigeria's GDP --> internal migration results in megacity. This megacity act as economic cores that draw more investment from industry and internal migration.
        
        Analysis
        
        Power: Lagos has some substantial power to draw investment for the whole country. It also has huge power to attracts migrants since 80% of Nigeria's industry is here. The government relies a part on Lagos for tax and investment in infrastructure. This means that if Lagos collapsed, Nigeria would experience fall in GDP. Fall in GDP results in fall in income, unemployment.
  - - - High development places:
        
        Shanghai, Shenzhen (along the southeastern coast)
        
        There are urban clusters such as Yangtze River Delta (Guangdong - Hong Kong – Macao Greater Bay Area)
        Low development places: Guizhou, Guangdong
    - - Description: the megacity urban clusters mostly lie on the coast. Explanation: Coast allows fishing and trade which boost economic growth. As a result, lots of migrants move to urban places like these for better job opportunities and high paid jobs --> results in more megacities.
      - Analysis
        
        Power: Chinese cities and megacities have created urban clusters that act as economic cores that draw FURTHER investment from industry and internal migration. With the help of the Chinese authorities in investing in infrastructure, more megacities in China have the power to attract more migrants. This will generate lots of revenue for the authorities, which further increases the power of megacities.
        
        Chinese authorities want city clusters to develop to improve economic integration between these cities. Scale: The development of megacities in Eastern China has helped fuel the economic growth of China because economic integration has reduced the cost of trade and increase efficiency in working together.
        
        Possibility: The further increase in power and a national impact of economic intergration will eventually attract international migrants to work for better job opportunities and high-paying jobs.