Cryptosporidium parvum
1st reported by Tyzer in 1907 in gastric crypts
1st human infection in 1976 from laboratory mouse
It's an opportunistic pathogen in immunosuppred or immunodeficiency individual
Human infection -cryptosporidium parvum
Types of species
In mammals-C.felisC.canis,C.muris
Fishes- C.nqsorum,
Morphology
Cyst -oocyst 
Oval or spherical shape
Size- 4 to 5 micrometer in diameter
Double layer cyst wall
Contains 4 crescent shaped naked sphorozites
Compose of an electron-lucent middle,zone
Surrounded by electron dense layers
Anterior
Pointed region
Posterior
Boarded or round region single nucleus alone
Life cycle
Host
Single host- Human or animal's
( Cattles,dogs or cats)
Sexual cycle
Asexual cycle
Schizogony
Gametogeny
Infective form - Sporulated oocyst
Pathogenesis
Immunocompromised &immunodeficiency individual -
Systematic intestinal & respiratory cryptosporidiosis
Immunocompetant
Developed short term,self limiting diahrea
Immunocompromised
Causes the prolonged life threatening,cholera-like illness
Confined with gastrointestinal tract,extraintestinal infection include respiratory cryptosporidiosis,hepatitis
Infection of gall bladder,oocyst are passed in stool
Lab diagnosis
Stool examination
Sputum examination
Sample- stool
Microscopy -wetmount
Stool concentration technique - identification of oocyst
Immunofluorescent antibody - Crytosporidum specific polyclonal
Collected in 10% formalin& examination for oocyst
Histopathological examination
Hematozylin & eosine staining
Molecular methods- ELISA,PCR
Treatment
Immunocompetant host
Supportive treatment to prevent dehydration
Immunosuppred drugs
Cessation of immunosuppresants
Spiramycin, Azithromycin,paramycin