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Principles of assessment - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Identifying
        
        target language tasks
        
        transforming into valid test items
  - - - meaningful
        
        real-world tasks.
- - - - Indirect
      - Direct
  - - - Present goals
    - - Future goals
  - - - Gronlund, 1998
- - - - Human error
    - - Teacher mood
  - - - enviroment