Dosage forms given orally
Suspensions
Emulsions
LIQUD
Solutions
Decoction
boiling drying plants
Mixtures
Syrup
Aqua
concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar
Flavored syrups are a convenient form of
masking disagreeable tastes.
Alcoholic preparations
Elixirs
▪ Fluid extrac
Spirits
sweetened flavored clear liquid oral
preparation
potent or nauseous drugs
(essence): Alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic
volatile substances used as flavoring agents
e.g. ammonia
Hydroalcoholic extract of plants
volatile oils
Solid preparation
Capsules
Tablets
containing
individual doses of drugs
shells of gelatin
compressed hard
Tablets with sustained release or (SR) or control release (CR)
Sublingual
Enteric coated
substance that will notdissolve until it reaches the small intestine as for drugs that are irritating to stomach
produce continuous release of small doses of the drug over an
extended period of time to Increase duration of action
Decrease
dosing frequency, Increase compliance
uncoated
contain acid
substances and carbonates or bicarbonates
releasing carbon dioxide as a gas
Soft capsule: contain liquid or semiliquid drugs.
Enteric coated capsule.
Hard capsule: contain powdered drugs.
Powders
contain effervescent granules( for oral use)
Put in small paper (mixed with sodim bicarbonate,
citric acid and add H2O to release CO2).
Dosage forms given rectally:
Suppositories
Enema
rectum or vagina
melt at body temperature allowing the drug to
be released
waxy base
e procedure of introducing liquids into
the rectum and colon via the anus
Retention enema
-Evacuant enema
used as a bowel stimulant to treat constipation. e.g. MgSo4 enema .The volume of evacuant enemas may reach up to 2 liters.
Their volume does not exceed
100 ml
Dosage forms given through the respiratory passages
Aerosoles
Vapours
Gases
oxygen or cyclopropane.
. amyl nitrite produce coronary
: Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas (e.g. disodium cromoglycate (intal), particles in capsule by special inhaling device.
Dosage forms to the skin or mucous membrane
Ophthalmic solution
Lozenge
Ointment
Lotions
Semisolid, fatty or oily absorbed by
rubbing.
Aqoueous suspension absorbed
without rubbing (calamine lotion).
Tablets for slow dissolution in the
mouth
eye drops (sterile, isotoinic
with tear fluids & non- irritant)
Trans dermal patches
, nicotine patches .
e.g. nitroglycerine , .