Dosage forms given orally

Suspensions

Emulsions

LIQUD

Solutions

Decoction

boiling drying plants

Mixtures

Syrup

Aqua

concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar

Flavored syrups are a convenient form of
masking disagreeable tastes.

Alcoholic preparations

Elixirs

▪ Fluid extrac

Spirits

sweetened flavored clear liquid oral
preparation

potent or nauseous drugs

(essence): Alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic

volatile substances used as flavoring agents
e.g. ammonia

Hydroalcoholic extract of plants

volatile oils

Solid preparation

Capsules

Tablets

containing
individual doses of drugs

shells of gelatin

compressed hard

Tablets with sustained release or (SR) or control release (CR)

Sublingual

Enteric coated

substance that will notdissolve until it reaches the small intestine as for drugs that are irritating to stomach

produce continuous release of small doses of the drug over an
extended period of time to Increase duration of action

Decrease
dosing frequency, Increase compliance

uncoated

contain acid
substances and carbonates or bicarbonates

releasing carbon dioxide as a gas

Soft capsule: contain liquid or semiliquid drugs.

Enteric coated capsule.

Hard capsule: contain powdered drugs.

Powders

contain effervescent granules( for oral use)

Put in small paper (mixed with sodim bicarbonate,
citric acid and add H2O to release CO2).

Dosage forms given rectally:

Suppositories

Enema

rectum or vagina

melt at body temperature allowing the drug to
be released

waxy base

e procedure of introducing liquids into
the rectum and colon via the anus

Retention enema

-Evacuant enema

used as a bowel stimulant to treat constipation. e.g. MgSo4 enema .The volume of evacuant enemas may reach up to 2 liters.

Their volume does not exceed
100 ml

Dosage forms given through the respiratory passages

Aerosoles

Vapours

Gases

oxygen or cyclopropane.

. amyl nitrite produce coronary

: Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas (e.g. disodium cromoglycate (intal), particles in capsule by special inhaling device.

Dosage forms to the skin or mucous membrane

Ophthalmic solution

Lozenge

Ointment

Lotions

Semisolid, fatty or oily absorbed by
rubbing.

Aqoueous suspension absorbed
without rubbing (calamine lotion).

Tablets for slow dissolution in the
mouth

eye drops (sterile, isotoinic
with tear fluids & non- irritant)

Trans dermal patches

, nicotine patches .

e.g. nitroglycerine , .