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Dosage forms given orally, Dosage forms to the skin or mucous membrane,…
Dosage forms given orally
Suspensions
Emulsions
LIQUD
Solutions
Decoction
boiling drying plants
Mixtures
Syrup
concentrated aqueous solution of a sugar
Flavored syrups are a convenient form of
masking disagreeable tastes.
Aqua
volatile oils
Alcoholic preparations
Elixirs
sweetened flavored clear liquid oral
preparation
potent or nauseous drugs
▪ Fluid extrac
Hydroalcoholic extract of plants
Spirits
(essence): Alcoholic or aqueous alcoholic
volatile substances used as flavoring agents
e.g. ammonia
Solid preparation
Capsules
containing
individual doses of drugs
shells of gelatin
Soft capsule: contain liquid or semiliquid drugs.
Enteric coated capsule.
Hard capsule: contain powdered drugs.
Tablets
compressed hard
Tablets with sustained release or (SR) or control release (CR)
produce continuous release of small doses of the drug over an
extended period of time to Increase duration of action
Decrease
dosing frequency, Increase compliance
Sublingual
uncoated
contain acid
substances and carbonates or bicarbonates
releasing carbon dioxide as a gas
Enteric coated
substance that will not
dissolve until it reaches the small intestine as for drugs that are irritating to stomach
Powders
contain effervescent granules( for oral use)
Put in small paper (mixed with sodim bicarbonate,
citric acid and add H2O to release CO2).
Dosage forms to the skin or mucous membrane
Ophthalmic solution
eye drops (sterile, isotoinic
with tear fluids & non- irritant)
Lozenge
Tablets for slow dissolution in the
mouth
Ointment
Semisolid, fatty or oily absorbed by
rubbing.
Lotions
Aqoueous suspension absorbed
without rubbing (calamine lotion).
Dosage forms given through the respiratory passages
Aerosoles
: Suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in gas (e.g. disodium cromoglycate (intal), particles in capsule by special inhaling device.
Vapours
. amyl nitrite produce coronary
Gases
oxygen or cyclopropane.
Do
sage forms given rectally
:
Suppositories
rectum or vagina
melt at body temperature allowing the drug to
be released
waxy base
Enema
e procedure of
introducing
liquids into
the
rectum
and
colon
via the anus
Retention enema
Their volume does not exceed
100 ml
-Evacuant enema
used as a bowel stimulant to treat constipation. e.g. MgSo4 enema .The volume of evacuant enemas may reach up to 2 liters.
Trans dermal patches
, nicotine patches .
e.g. nitroglycerine , .