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The History of English language 7970425-1592418352, Карта-диалектов…
The History of
English language
MIDDLE ENGLISH(1066-1500)
By 1100 English had changed sufficiently to be classed as a 'new' version of English, descended from, but quite different to, Old English.
The period of Middle English begins with the Norman invasion of 1066
The Normans gave over 10,000 words to English (about three-quarters of which are still in use today), including a huge number of abstract nouns ending in the suffixes “-age”, “-ance/-ence”, “-ant/- ent”, “-ment”, “-ity” and “-tion”, or starting with the prefixes “con-”, “de-”, “ex-”, “trans-” and “pre-”. Many of them were related to matters
English becomes the official language of the law courts and replaces Latin as the medium of instruction at most schools.
There were three languages during this period
French is for the nobility and aristocracy
Latin – for scientific and medical
purposes
Anglo– Saxon - it was spoken by the
common people
EARLY MODERN
ENGLISH(1500-1800)
Most language historians mark the beginning of the Early Modern English period with the year 1476, when the printing press was introduced to England by William Caxton.
A major factor separating Middle English from Modern English is known as the Great Vowel Shift, a radical change in pronunciation during the 15th, 16th and 17th Century, as a result of which long vowel sounds began to be made higher and further forward in the mouth (short vowel sounds were largely unchanged).
The Oxford English Dictionary was published.
The first English dictionary, “A Table Alphabeticall”, was published by English schoolteacher Robert Cawdrey in 1604.
OLD ENGLISH (450-1066)
The name “English” comes again from the Angles (Angle-land; Englaland: Englisc)
Many of the most basic and common words in use in English today have their roots in Old English, including words like water, earth, house, food, drink, sleep, sing, night, strong, the, a, b e, of, he, she, you, no, not, etc.
Thanks to the Anglo-Saxon tribes, many names of geographical objects have appeared in the English language, which have survived to the present day
Old English was synthetic. It inherited most phonological and morphological properties from Germanic.
Word order was relatively free.
Four dialects of the Old English
language are known
Northumbrian, Mercian, West Saxon, Kentish
LATE MODERN
ENGLISH(1800+)
The main difference between Early Modern English and Late Modern English is vocabulary. Late Modern English has many more words, arising from two principal factors: firstly, the Industrial Revolution and technology created a need for new words; secondly, the British Empire at its height covered one quarter of the earth's surface, and the English language adopted foreign words from many countries.
Literature boomed with the works of
Spencer Marlowe and Shakespeare.
