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Respiratory system, Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram

- - - - rhin/o
      - nas/o
  - - - sinus/o
  - - - tube leading to lungs
        
        word root
        
        trache/o
  - - - Pulmon/o
      - Pneum/o
      - pneumon/o
      - pneumonectomy
        
        excision of lung
  - - - Bucco
      - or/o
  - - - passageway to trachea
        
        Pharyng/o
        
        g replaces x
        
        phanyngitis
  - - - bronchioles branch off of bronshi
        
        bronchi/o
        
        bronch/o
  - - - small air sac clusters
        
        exchange of air and oxygen takes place
        
        Alveol/o
- - - - life threatening
  - - - an- without
        
        ox- oxygen
        
        ia - abnormal condition
  - - - can be caused by many things
        
        drowning
        
        choling
        
        breathing poisonous gas
  - - - cyan/o blue
        
        osis abnormal condition
  - - - hyper- excessive
        
        capn/o carbon dioxide
        
        ia- abnormal condition
        
        caused by a decrease in breathing
        
        also called CO2 retention
  - - - hypo- deficient
        
        ox/o oxygen
        
        emia-in the blood
        
        serious but not as seriousn as anoxia
    - - condition where the tissues of the body do not get enough oxygen
        
        hypo- deficient
        
        ox/o oxygen
        
        ia abnormal condition
      - altitude hypoxia or sickness is caused by decreased oxygen in the air at high altitudes
- - - - i sinus infection
        
        sinus(o)
        
        -itis inflammation
        
        can be cuased by a virus bacteria allergy or irritant
    - - a sore throat
        
        pharyng(o) throat
        
        itis
        
        an inflammation of the pharynx
        
        tissue is the throat becimes swollen and red
        
        englarged servical lymph nodes
        
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    - - causded by a streptococcus bacteria
        
        caused tonsils to swell
    - - infammation of the larynx or voice box
        
        laryng/o larygnx
        
        voice loss caused by inflammation
        
        aphonia
        
        loss of entire ability to speak
        
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        dysphonia
        
        voice ecomes hoarse or cracks
        
        dys bad
        
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    - - a highly contagious respiratory disease
        
        caused by the bacterium bordetella pertussis
        
        characterized by uncontrollable violent coughing fits
      - vaccines are available
    - - a bacterial throat infection caused by corynebacteria diphtheriae
        
        caused a thick membranour covering in the back of throat
        
        leads to oroblems breathing , heart failure, paralysis and even death
        
        vaccination can revent diptheria in all age groups
    - - pneumonia
        
        pneum /o lungs
        
        ia abnormal condition
        
        a serious infection o the lungs, in which the alveoli and smaller broncchioles will with pus and fluid
        
        types of pneumonia
        
        Bronchopneumonia
        
        a form of pneumonia that efffects the bronchial tibes and their surrounding alveoli
        
        patchy areas of infection characterized this condition
        
        lobar pneumonia
        
        a form of pneumonia that effects an entire lobe of the lungs
        
        viral pneumonia
        
        accounts for half of the pnemonias
        
        a myriad of cause viral pneumonia
        
        bacterial pneumonia
        
        often caused by the bacterium
        
        streptococcus pneumoniae
        
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        fungal pneumonia
        
        caused by the fungus
        
        pneumocystis carinii
        
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        aspiration pneumonia
        
        infection that occurs when a foreign substance (like food) is inhaled accidentialy into the lungs
        
        bronchitis
        
        bronchi the bronchi
        
        chest cold
        
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        Atelactasis
        
        callapsed lung
        
        usually restricted to one lung
        
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        many infections can s=cause pnemonia
        
        bacteria
        
        fungi
        
        viruses
      - acute bronchitis
      - tuberculosis
        
        an infectious disease cause by myobacterium tuberculosis
        
        commonly knmow as TB
        
        often attacks the lungs
        
        can cause Hemoptysis coughing up blood
        
        people with active TB have systemic signs of being sick
        
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      - Cystic fibrosis CF
        
        genetic disease affecting the lung
        
        progressive disease that limits a child ability to breath
        
        gets worse with time
        
        a defecive gene leads to secretion of thick, sticky mucis in the lungs pancreas, and other organs
    - - second most common cancer
        
        most common cause of death in the uniter staes
        
        chemo, radiation, surger for treatment
- - - - can cause individual to feel out of breath as lungs cannot expand enough to allow oxygen in
    - - heart failure
      - liver failure
      - cancer
      - infection
    - - the condition of having air in the pleural space
      - causes a pressure imbalance so the lung cannot fully expand
      - extremely serious
        
        pneum/o air
        
        thorax - chest
      - pneumothorax
        
        can have
        
        exrernal causes
        
        stab wound throught the chest
        
        internal causes
        
        lung disease
    - - condition of blood in the pleural space
        
        hemo/om blood
        
        thorax - chest
      - caused by
        
        trama stab wound
        
        surgical procedure
    - - the codition of having pus in the pleural space
        
        pyo - pus
        
        thorax- chest
        
        associated with an infection
    - - pleurisy/ pleuritis
        
        inflammastion of the pleura with pleuritic pain
        
        pleur/0 pleura
        
        pleuritic pain
        
        painfful breathing caused by disease of the pleural cavity
        
        many conditions can cause pleurisy
    - - cancer in the pleural space that developes from the mesothelium
        
        mesothelium the thin layer of tissue that covers most of the internal organs
        
        most common form affects the visceral and parietal of the lungs
        
        caused by exposure to asbestos
- - - - occures as we breath in
        
        corbon dioxide is removed frm tissues and relased back into the atmosphere
        
        occurs as we breath out
        
        cannot build up inside becuase high levels are extremely toxic tissues
  - - - eight and left
        
        right
        
        superior lobe
        
        middle lobe
        
        inferior
        
        left
        
        superior
        
        inferior
  - - - cavity between the lungs
        
        mediastnum midway
        
        this space includes
        
        heart and sac surrounding it
        
        large veins and arteries
        
        esophagus
        
        trachea
        
        bronchi
        
        thymus
        
        lymph nodes
  - - - nasal cavity commonly known as the nose
        
        lined with mucus membrane
        
        secretes viscous fluid called mucus which traps dust and germs in the air we breathe
        
        mucus moitens the air so we dont damage our lungs
    - - commonly called the throat
        
        part of the digestive and respiratory systems
        
        3 subdivisions
        
        Nasopharynx
        
        first sudbivision
        
        located posterior to the nasal cavity
        
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        oropharynx
        
        second subdivison
        
        located posterior to the mouth
        
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        laryngopharynx
        
        third subdivision
        
        passageway for both air and food
        
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    - - upper st part of this pipe
        
        path for air only
        
        vice box
        
        pair of vocal chords
        
        makes speech possible
        
        adams apple - thyroid cartilage that protects the larynx
        
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    - - air filled spaces within the bones of the skull
        
        sinus cavity
        
        8 sinuses 4 pairs
        
        frontal sinuses
        
        ethmoid sinuses
        
        maxillary sinuses
        
        sphenoid sinuses
    - - when we breath, the vocal cords separate to let air pass through them
        
        glottis space between the vocal cords
        
        when we speak , the vocal cords close to vibrate and create sound
      - epiglottis
        
        sits above the larynx
- - - - the tube that extends directly from the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs to carry air in nd out of the lungs
        
        bronchi
        
        the tracea splits into 2 primary bri=onchi
        
        right main brinchus for the right lung
        
        left main bronchus for the left lung
        
        the main bronchus of each lung branches into smaller and smaller branches
        
        the smallest bronchioler are called respiratory bronchioles
        
        alveoli and capillaries
        
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  - - - made up of two plural membranes
        
        pariental Pleura - outer membrane layer
        
        visceral Pleura- inner membrane layer
      - pleural cavity (pleural space)
        
        space between the teo membranes
        
        contains a clear viscous fluid that allows membranes to slide easily
        
        creates the vacuume needed for us to breathe
        
        Diaphram - main muscle we use to breath in
        
        this muscle is huge and dome shaped and lies underneath the lungs
        
        contraction and relaxation of the diaphragm make normal breathing possible
        
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        Physiology of breathing
        
        breathing consists of
        
        inhalation (inspiration) breathing in
        
        exhalation (exppiration) - breathing out
        
        respiratory center
        
        located in the brainstem and help conteol breathn
        
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        respiration
        
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        four stages of respiration
        
        1 breathing - is only the first step of respiration
        
        2 external respiration - gas exchange between the aveoli and the blood
        
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        3.) internal respiration gas exchange between the blood and the tissues
        
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        4th satge
        
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- - - - chronic inflammatory lung diseases characterized by chronic airflow obstruction with limitations in breathing
        
        these two terms describe 2 lung diseases
        
        chronic bronchitis
        
        breathing is difficult
        
        inflamation and irritaton of the airways of the lungs
        
        accompanied by accumilation of mucus in bronchi
        
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        emphysema
        
        difficult breathing
        
        due to damaged or enlarged alveoli
        
        tabacco smoke destroys alveolar walls
        
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        as lungs try to compensate the chest enlarges and becomes barrel shaped
        
        patients usually look pink because of the excess work they need to do between inhales and exhales
      - caused by smoking
  - - - URI
        
        upper resiratory tract infection
        
        nasopharyngitis
        
        naso- nose
        
        pharyng- pharynx
        
        itis inflammation
  - - - increase in the flow of mucus from the nose
        
        rhino-nose
        
        itis- inflammation
        
        a symptom on a viral infection of r as part of an allergic reactin
        
        when part of an allergic reaction , it is called allergic rhinitis
    - - medical term for a runny nose
        
        rhino- nose
        
        rrhea- abnormal discharge
    - - can be a result of trama overly cold air, allergies, chemical irritants, nose picking
    - - Croup
        
        acute viral respiratory infection in children
        
        recognized by a barking caugh due to airway obstruction
        
        tends to worsen over nigth
        
        to assist , exposing to humid air, hot shower, refrigerator,moist air
      - flu- influenza
        
        highly contagious viral infection
    - - influenza C
        
        generally causes mild respiratory illness
      - influenza D
        
        Not known to infect or cause illness on people
      - influenza A viruses
        
        divided into subtypes based on two proteins on the surface of the virus
        
        hemagglutinin (H)
        
        Neuraminidase (N)
        
        bird Flu virus (H5N1)
        
        swine flu virus(H1N1)
- - - - otolarlaryngologist
        
        ot/o ear
        
        rhin/o nose
        
        laryng/o throat
        
        ologist soecialist
  - - - pneumonia
      - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD
      - mphysema
      - asthma
        
        chronic allergic disorder
        
        produces coughing and wheezing
        
        episodic
        
        comes and goes with triggers
        
        triggers
        
        pollen or other enviorment exposure
        
        certain foods
        
        excise induced asthma
        
        results of triggers
        
        bronchospasm
        
        closure of the small airways in the lungs
        
        bronch/o
        
        spasm - involuntary contracture (squeezing)
        
        difficultlty breathing
        
        dyspnea
        
        asthma attack
        
        wheezing heard with exhalation
        
        stridor -heard with inhalation breathing in
        
        asthma medications
        
        maintenance taken daily for preventon of attacks
        
        rescue - fast acting drug administered for an attack
        
        rescue medication Aerosol
        
        ihaler delivers medication into the airway with inhalation
        
        nebulizer vapor is delivered to the lungs with inhalation
- - - - short episodes of lack of breathing at night
      - may require a C- PAP
        
        continuous positive airway pressure machine
- - - - 1 inhalation and 1 exhalation sre sounted as one coplese respiration cysle
        
        a normal RR is 12-18 respirations per minute
        
        an abnormal respiratory rate can be important indicator of disease
  - - - recording device placed on the patents finger or earlobe to measure oxygen saturation levels in the blood
        
        normal O2 sat reading is between 97-100%
  - - - group measure volume and air flow with a spirometer
        
        spirometer- device that measures both amount onhaled and exhaled alone with the time
  - - - laryng/o larynx
        
        scopy visual examination
        
        largyngoscopy
        
        flexible camera inserted into the mouth , down the pharynx and into the larynx to view the vocal cords
  - - - uses
        
        removal of a foreign object
        
        a tissue sample
        
        tissue repair
  - - - ostomy
        
        surgical creating an opeing
      - otomy
        
        cutting a surgical incision
      - stoma
        
        the surgical opening on a body surface created by an ostomy
  - - - trache/o trachea
        
        ostomy surgically creating an opening
        
        trahyeostomy tude
        
        temporary or permanent tube what allows someone to breath without using their nose and mouth
    - - involves a quich incision into the trachea so the patient can be kept alive
        
        the hole from the incision can be used as an airway itself or site of a tracheostomy tube insertion
  - - - thoracostomy tube
        
        tube placed to drain pathologic fluid from the lung or pleural cavity
        
        thorac/o thorax