Mill describes higher pleasures as "intellectual, aesthetic, social enjoyment and spirituality"

Mill describes lower pleasures as actions that provide short term pleasure but have no long lasting benefits

Mill's pig quote says that "it is better to be a human who is dissatisfied than a pig who is satisfied; better to be socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied"

Bentham believed that you should do what ever brings you the most joy and pleasure no matter the action

Unlike Mill, Bentham only recognises one type of pleasure

He also believed that we can calculate the amount of pleasure an action would generate using the hedonic calculus

There is a lack of simplicity as it can be hard to distinguish between higher and lower pleasures sometimes

Only a select few are able to participate in the higher pleasures

Sidgewick said "we cannot distinguish between higher and lower pleasures"

For some lower pleasures might generate more pleasure than higher pleasures

Can be seen as compassionate because it focuses on the consequences of an action and therefore focusing on more people than just yourself

The theory supports human nature as we all want to be happy

With more societies becoming secular Bentham's theory gains popularity because it doesn't rely on any sort of God

It can be too simplistic and not provide a relevant answer in all situations if the only goal is just pleasure

It can lead us to do actions that seem morally questionable like killing someone for their organs as it would save more people

Philip Petite "there is nothing that act utilitarianism wont allow not rape, not torture, not even murder"

Macintyre said that we should "reject the theory as it allows horrendous acts to be permitted just because the majority wants it to happen" Eg: child labour in sweatshops for lower prices

The theory doesn't take into account who the other person is in each situation. For example we are more likely risk our lives for a family member rather than a stranger

What should we do if two acts generate the same amount of happiness

Strong Rule says that no matter the situation, you should never break the rules

Weak Rule says that the rules can be broken only in dire situations

Diversity thesis suggests that Moral rightness and wrongness of actions vary from society to society so there can be no moral standards held by all societies