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Carcinogenesis - Coggle Diagram
Carcinogenesis
Carcinogens
viruses
hormones
parasites
toxins
chemicals (polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines, nitrosamines)
industrial dust
radiation (ionizing & non-ionizing) -> DNA damage directly or indirectly
Identification of carcinogens
accidental exposure
laboratory animals
occupational risk assessment
mutagenicity testing in bacteria
epidemiological studies
transforming effects on cell cultures
Cancer treatment
surgery
hormones
chemotherapy
radiation
Cancer screening
skin surveillance
cervical smear (uterine)
mammography (breast)
endoscopic removal (adenomas)
Chemotherapeutic drugs
alkylating agents
antibiotics
antimetabolites
steroids & hormones
Tumour markers
Human Chronic Gonadotropin
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Prostatic Acid Phosphate
Carcinogenic agents
increases cancer risk
genetic or epigenetic mechanisms