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Physics core practicals - Paper 2 - Coggle Diagram
Physics core practicals - Paper 2
Acceleration
Method
Set up a toy car attatch to a string which is attatched to a pulley
Connect two light gates at the start and end of the table, connect this to a data logger, this will calculate the acceleration
The weight of the mass will provide a force acting downwards
Start with the heaviest mas on the string
Each repeat move a mass from a string onto the car to keep the mass of the object the same
You should find the accelertation is proportional to the force
Plot a graph showing your results from the data logger
The speed at each light gate is calculated using the equation of speed = d/t.
Dependent variable - acceleration of the trolley
independent variable - mass on the trolley
Waves in a solid
Connect a string to a pulley with a mass at the end. Also connect a vibration generator to a sigal generator which will allow us to change the frequency of the wave
When a standing wave forms, measure the wavelength of it
Times the wavelength by the frequency of the signal generator to find the velocity
To get more accuracy, measure the length of several wavelengths and divide to find an average
Waves in fluids practical
Method
1) Set the power supplty to vibrate the paddle as a known frequency
2) Calculate the wavelength of the waves by using a strobe light to freeze the water waves so that you can measure the wavelength
3) Calculate the wavelength in meters
4) Then calculate the frequency using the equation v = f X wavelength
5) Put the results in a table
3) Calculate the frequnecy by counting the number of waves that pass a point in 60 seconds and then divide it by 60 to get a more accurate value
Conclusion
A wavelength can be used to determine values for the wavelength frequency and wave speed of water waves
It is a suitable method, as long as the wavelengths are small and the frequencies are low
Aim = to investigate the suitability of apparatus to measure the speed, frequency and wavelength of waves in a fluid
Light ractical
Investigating refraction practical
Method
1) Trace around a transparent rectangular block on a pie of paper
2) Use a ray box or laser to shine a ray of light at the middle of one side of the box
3) Trace the incident ray and mark where the light ray appears on the other side of the block.
4) Remove the block and join up the incident ray and the emerging point to show the path of the refracted ray
5) Draw the normal at the point where the ray entered the block and measure the angle on incidence and refraction
6) Repeat this experiment using blocks made from different materials, keeping the incident angle the same throughout
Different substances refract light by different amounts
Investigating reflection practical
Method
1) Draw a straight line on a piece of paper and place an object so one of its sides align with the line
2) Shine a ray of light at the surface and trace the incident and reflected ray
3) Draw the normal at the point where the incident ray meets the object, and measure the angles using a protractor
4) Repeat this experiment for different objects
Smooth surfaces like mirrors give clear reflections
Rough surfaces like paper cause diffusse reflection, the beam is wider and dimmer
Angle of incidence always equals angle of reflection
Leslie Cube
A hollow watertight metal cube made from aluminium, whose four side have different surfaces, : matt black, matt white, shiny metal and dull metal
Method
1) Place an empty Leslie cube on a heat-proof mat.
2) Fill the cube with boiling water and place a bung on top
3) Hold a thermometer at each of the faces, you should find that all four surfaces are the same temperature
4) Hold an infrared detector a set distance from one of the cube's sides and record the amount of IR radiaiton it detects
5) Repeat this measurement fro each of the cube's surfaces, making sure the detector is at a constant distance from the detector
6) You should find that you detect more IR radiation from the blakc surface than the white one, and mroe from the matt surfaces than the shiny
7) Repeat the experiment to improve accuracy
Used to investigate IR emission by different surfaces