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Understanding How Cell Membranes Work - Coggle Diagram
Understanding How Cell Membranes Work
Functions
Protein Channels:
let molecules that cannot go directly through cell membrane through the membrane.
Cholesterol:
helps maintain structural integrity in phospholipid bilayer.
Glycoproteins:
Help cells identify each other as known or foreign.
Phospholipid Bilayer:
makes up cell membrane, selectively permeable, only lets small nonpolar, or small (charged) polar molecules in.
Parts
Protein Channels
Cholesterol
Glycoproteins
Phospholipid Bilayer
Diffusion + Transport
Passive Transport:
no energy needed, move molecules with the concentration gradient.
Active Transport:
requires ATP energy, moves molecules against concentration gradient.
Simple Diffusion:
Diffusion of a molecule across a membrane with the concentration gradient.
Facilitated Diffusion:
Diffusion of a molecule across a membrane via a channel protein with the concentration gradient.
Osmosis:
Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Glucose Transport:
Insulin, a hormone, is received by insulin receptors on the cell. Then, the insulin opens the glucose channel in the cell, allowing glucose to get inside.
Bulk Transport:
Movement of macromolecules into a cell via exocytosis and endocytosis.
Endocytosis:
Cell membrane engulfs the macromolecules to form a pouch around it. The pouch breaks off and transports them into the cell.
Exocytosis:
Vesicles (pouches with the material being transported) attach to the cell membrane. It is stretched out to allow the materials to go into the extracellular environment, and the vesicle becomes part of the membrane.
Sodium Potassium Pump:
Example of active transport. It's a pump that pumps positively charged sodium and potassium ions across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. ATP energy is used to drive this process.
Solution Types
Hypertonic:
solution with a high concentration of solute compared to bodily fluids.
Isotonic:
Solution with the same solute and water concentrations compared to bodily fluids.
Hypotonic:
Solution with high water concentration, low solute concentration compared to bodily fluids.
MAIN IDEA: Water moves from higher to lower concentrations. Solutes move from lower to higher concentrations.