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Balantidium coli, , , , , , - Coggle Diagram
Balantidium coli
morphology
Balantidium coli has two developmental stages, a trophozoite stage and a cyst stage.
In trophozoites, the two nuclei are visible. The macronucleus is long and sausage-shaped, and the spherical micronucleus is nested next to it, often hidden by the macronucleus.
The opening, known as the peristome, at the pointed anterior end leads to the cytostome, or the mouth
. Cysts are smaller than trophozoites and are round and have a tough, heavy cyst wall made of one or two layers.
Usually only the macronucleus and sometimes cilia and contractile vacuoles are visible in the cyst, however, both nuclei are present because nuclear multiplication does not occur when the organism is a cyst
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lifecycle
Cysts are the stage responsible for transmission of balantidiasis The host most often acquires the cyst through ingestion of contaminated food or water image .
. Following ingestion, excystation occurs in the small intestine, and the trophozoites colonize the large intestine image .
The trophozoites reside in the lumen of the large intestine and appendix of humans and animals, where they replicate by binary fission, during which conjugation may occur
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Some trophozoites invade the wall of the colon and multiply, causing ulcerative pathology in the colon wall.
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lab diagnosis
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Trophozoites- detected in acute disease (dysenteric stool) -easy to identify by its rotatory motility, large kidney shaped
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Cysts- seen in chronic cases or carriers - round, 40-60 µm in size, surrounded by a cyst wall and presence of two nucle
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Histopathological staining of biopsy tissue or scrapping of the ulcers taken by sigmoidoscopy -reveals clusters of trophozoites,
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Pathogenesis
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If symptomatic, B. coli infections may cause sever infection that resemble acute amoebiosis
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Symptoms include diarrhea with profuse mucus and blood, fever, nausea, vomiting, Abdominal
pain, anorexia (loss of appetite) and even dysentery
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Metastatic and extraintestinal diseases, liver, lung and brain abscesses, usually are very rare
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