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women, 520BC-500BC, Laconia, bronze as a material is expensive and so…
women
sparta
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spartan women had distinctive style of dress, often connotes semi-nudity. In contrast, athenian women were often veiled in public and escorted
Xenophon tells us that of all greek women only spartans were given the same physical training as men
poetry of Theocritus shows this: 'we all run the same racecourse and rub ourselves with oil like men'
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the nutrition and reproductive health of spartan women was a public concern, and this informed any freedom or rights women had
spartan women were managers of their households, because spartan men didnt live at home until age thirty and were often away after that
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spartan women 'are the only women that are mothers of men' (Plutarch) : the emphasis is on childbirth
but such emphasis on childbirth is conveyed to us through MALE sources, and Spartan women may well have felt differently: that their athletic skills or skill in managing the household were worthwhile too
BUT, spartiate women such as these made up about 6% of Spartan women, including helots, who were not so lucky
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primary occupation was in food prep and textile production, as in rest of Greece. this was a full time job. they may have to engage in agricultural labour during peak season
Xenophon tells us that this was strictly the work of the helots, and not Spartiate women
an Ionian woman is shamed by a spartiate woman for being good at weaving: this is an activity unbefitting of a free person (Plutarch)
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Thesmophoria
a major state festival, for women
in Athens, husbands were required to pay any expenses incurred by their wives during the hospital
the location of the festival was close to the men's place of assembly, suggesting they were of comparable importance
while the festival was happening, any assembly that needed to be held was done so in the Theatre rather than the Pnyx - men were displaced
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Women in symposiums
Phintias women at symposiums, could show that women may have had their own symposium
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they are playing kottabos, the symposium game
certain high class prostitutes experienced a certain level of freedom, but only in the prime of their beauty
Funerals
women are intimately involved in funerals, especially in the mourning phase of the prothesis
women would stay closer to the body and express their full emotions, whilst men would stand at a distance
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shows women in usual signs of lamentation, with limbs outstretched
Tomyris
Cyrus, the Persian King, sought to conquer the Massagetae who were ruled by the Queen Tomyris
Cyrus managed to take Tomyris' son, Spargapises, captive and he later committed suicide
In her anger, she launched her army and in this battle Cyrus the Great met his end, either through direct beheading by Tomyris herself, or fatigue in battle
although even Herodotus admits this is just one version of the story, it is clear that Tomyris lived and ruled
artemisia
Artemisia was the Queen of Halicarnassus, within the satrapy of Caria, and an ally of the Persian king Xerxes
Artemisia is described as possessing “manly courage” , ‘Andreia’
Herodotus praises her courage and grants her respect, but he is also from Halicarnassus, so probs biased
Athens
women had the rights of a child under the law, and any property she acquired was given to her husband
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that is why buildings like the SE fountain house give women an opportunity to leave the house and socialise, as shown in Lysistrata
Priestesses
Argos
Here, the tenure of the priestess of Hera was used to date historical events of the day, an increased level of eponymy
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to date the beginning of the Peloponnesian war, Thucydides cites the tenure of the priestess at Argos
Pythia at Delphi
trusted as an oracle on a range of significant issues such as war, tyranny, other political affairs
for example, Herodotus book 7 tells us of a priestess named Aristonike who was consulted before the battle of Salamis in 480
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Amasis Painter
shows women weaving, probably in a workshop
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one woman is seated, and she's probably the boss, shows there was a hierarchy within the scene
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