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Kamila Galan Per: 2 Nervous System - Coggle Diagram
Kamila Galan Per: 2 Nervous System
Major divisions and subdivisions of the nervous system (include all subdivisions of CNS
and PNS)
Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
Cranial Nerves and spinal nerves
autonomic nervous system
Heart muscle, smooth muscle, glands
somatic Nervous System
voluntary skeletal muscles
Parasympathetic division
rest and digest
Sympathetic Division
Active and alert
Tissues (structure & function of neurons and neuroglia)
Dendrite- Branches of dendron and parts that receives impulses from adjacent neuron.
Dendron- Short filament from the cell body and carries impulses from dendrites to the cell body.
Schwann cell - Encircles the axon.
Axon- longest filament from the cell body and carries impulses from the cell body to outside.
Axonite- branch of axon and carries impulses to the synaptic knob.
Synaptic knob- Tip of the axoniteand the secretes neurotransmitters.
Classification of neurons
Unipolar Neuron
Bipolar neuron
Pseudo-Unipolar Neuron
Multipolar Neuron
Major functions of the nervous system
Sensory Function
-Sensory receptors gather information and the information is carried t the cns
Integrative Funtion
Sensory information used to create Sensations, Memory,Thoughts, and Decisions.
Motors Function Decision are acted upon, and the impulses are carried to effectors.
Connective Tissue Coverings
Layers- External Lamina- Delicate reticular fibers. And the sarcolemma - Endomysium- loose C.T with reticular fibers. Perimysium. - Denser C.T and epimysium that surrounds a whole muscle.
Fascia: connective tissue sheet. forms layers under the skin
Major parts and functions of the brain
Parietal Lobe - Language touch
Occipital lobe - Vision color perception
cerebellum = Balance coordination
Brain stem = Breathing heart rate temperature
temporal Lobe = hearing learning feeling
Frontal Lobe = thinking speaking memory and movement
Major parts and functions of the spinal cord
These are muscle movement, sensation, and autonomic functions (involuntary functions).
Action potential & the Nerve Impulse
A nerve impulse is the electrical message that is transmitted down the axon of a neuron. The impulse is regenerated at points along the axon. and the speed of nerve impulses ranges from approximately 1m/s and 100m/s
Cranial nerves
Olfactory nerve: Sense of smell.
Optic nerve: Ability to see.
Hypoglossal nerve: Ability to move your tongue.
Oculomotor nerve: Ability to move and blink your eyes.
Accessory nerve (or spinal accessory nerve): Shoulder and neck muscle movement.
Trochlear nerve: Ability to move your eyes up and down or back and forth.
Vagus nerve: Digestion and heart rate
Trigeminal nerve: Sensations in your face and cheeks, taste and jaw movements
Glossopharyngeal nerve: Ability to taste and swallow.
Abducens nerve: Ability to move your eyes.
Auditory/vestibular nerve: Sense of hearing and balance
Facial nerve: Facial expressions and sense of taste.
Spinal nerves
Central nervous system contain the brain spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system contains the cranial nerves spinal nerves sensory organs.
Neurotransmitters
Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that your body can’t function without. Their job is to carry chemical signals
Compare & contrast the autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system regulates organ systems through circuits that resemble the reflexes described in the somatic nervous system. The main difference between the somatic and autonomic systems is in what target tissues are effectors. Somatic responses are solely based on skeletal muscle contraction.
Reflex arc (major parts & functions)
Sensory receptor, sensory neuron, integrating center, motor neuron, & effector
Disorders/Diseases
Cerebrovascular Accident stroke
Autism
Alzheimer's Disease
Spinal cord Injury
meningitis
Multiple sclerosis
Drugs of abuse (Mouse Party)
Heroin-
Before heroin enters the system, the inhibitory neurotransmitters are active in the synapse. These neurotransmitters inhibit dopamine from being released. the body Naturale opiates activate the receptors release inhibitory they shut down and the dopamine can't be release. the neurons with opiate receptors are part of the transmission of pian signals and stress response and emotional attachment.
Ecstasy
The ecstasy serotonin transporters are responsible for removing serotonin molecules form the synaptic cleft after they have done their job. Ecstasy mimics and taken up by serotonin transporters. The transmitters become temporarily confused and starts to do its job in reverse. It affects the mood, sleep, perception and appetite.
Meth
Meth mimics dopamine it is taken into the cell by the dopamine transporters. Meth forces the dopamine molecules to get out of vesicles. That makes the dopamine pump out. meth works on the brains reward pathway.
Marihuana
Marijuana enters the system inhibitory neurotransmitters are active in the synapse makes dopamine from being released. And receptors turn off the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters make dopamine be released. THC mimics anandamide and binds to cannabinoid receptors, inhibition is turned off and dopamine is allowed to squirt. The marijuana makes you feel relaxed and calm and it also it slows your movements.
Alcohol
Affects- Gaba inhibitory neurotransmitters and Gaba receptors. And the alcohol delivers a double sedative. Preventing the glutamate from exciting the cell. Alcohol controls memory formation.
Cocaine
The dopamine transporters are responsible for removing the dopamine molecules from the synaptic after their job. in result bids again to the receptors and it is overstimulating the cell.
LSD
LSD chemically resembles serotonin receptors. Each is responsible for performing specific functions. LSD has complex sensory effects.