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The Formation of Our Universe - Coggle Diagram
The Formation of Our Universe
Cosmology Principle
Cosmology is the study of the entire Universe
There is nothing special about our location and that the same rules of physics apply everywhere
The Universe is homogenous and isotropic
Redshift
In 1912, Slipher discovered the Andromeda galaxy showed a shift to bluer colours (shorter wavelengths). It appears bluer as it is moving towards our galaxy
Most galaxies show redshifts - longer wavelengths of light
Closer appears blue, further appears red
Redshifts are due to wavelengths of light being stretched by the expansion of the Universe, not due to velocity.
Steady State Theory
The expanding universe suggests that the universe appeared at a point in time
Fred Hoyle suggests that the universe has always been there, and matter is continuously created
The Big Bang
Cosmic Microwave Background: when gas is compressed it gets hotter, so the young universe would have been an extremely hot dense gas, filled with high energy light. As the Universe expanded, this light would have been stretched/reshifted to very long wavelengths.
Accepted in 1965 when Penzias and Wilson discovered radio noise caused by the afterglow from the formation of the Universe
The Big Bang is supported by 3 main pieces of observational evidence
The observed expansion of the Universe
The wavelength of the CBR
The observed abundances of the light elements
Inflation: explains how opposite sides of the Universe are so similar. Prevents the universe collapsing under gravity at instance of formation