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ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES, NOTE
Definite noun phrases + Non-defining clauses
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ADJECTIVAL CLAUSES
Definition
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is used to modify a noun or a pronoun – to identify
people and things, or to give more information
about them
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Types
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Non-Defining/ Non-Restrictive/ Non-Identifying
Ex: I’ve talked to Ms. Jones, who owns the hotel next door.
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Special structues
In phrases of quantity and quality
Quantifier + of WHOM/WHICH
Ex: some of whom/which, each of whom/which, all of whom/which
The superlative form + of WHOM/WHICH
Ex: the first of whom/which, the best of whom/which, the smallest of whom/which, etc.
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WHICH as determiner
Preposition + WHICH + N (Formal use)
Ex: She may be late, in which case we should wait for her
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NOTE
- Definite noun phrases + Non-defining clauses
- Indefinite noun phrases + Both types (slightly different emphasis)
*Ex:
a) He's got a new car that goes like a bomb
b) He's got a new car which goes like a bomb*
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NOTE1. When to use Who/Whom/Which
- In non-defining clauses
- Use WHICH when you refers to a whole clause
- After prepositions
2. When to use That
- After nouns referring to both people and things
- After indefinite pronouns, impersonal (something, everything, etc)
- After all, some, any, none, little, few, much (used alone without nouns)
- After only
- After superlatives
- After ordinals
EXAMPLES
- Why = for which
- Where = in/at/on which
- When = during/through/in/at/on/etc. which
NOTE
- We use WHERE when we refers to an adverb
Ex: This is the place where I was born
- We use WHICH when we refers to an object
Ex: This is the place which I've wanted to visit