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Troubles - home and abroad II - Coggle Diagram
Troubles - home and abroad II
Removing Mary
What to do with Mary?
If Mary was in prison, she could still encourage a rebellion, she had alot of support and a claim to the throne
Executing Mary would upset Spain and France, risking war and invasion
Attitude of Parliament
Increasingly suspicious of Mary, due to her plots against Elizabeth
Fears increases after St Bartholomew's day Massacre (1572) in France where many Protestants were slaughtered
Mary was held in prison, spies were sent to discover her role in any plots
Why was Mary executed
Pope supported any foreign invasion that would replace Elizabeth, with Mary as a Monarch, Executing her removed this threat
Mary had been involved in a series of plots against Elizabeth, Norther Rebllion, Ridolfi plot, Throckmorton plot and Babington
in 1586, Walsingham found evidence that Mary as involved in Catholic plots
Spanish threat of invasion was fueld by plots with Mary, killing here removed this chance
Mary was killed on 8th of February 1587
Reasons for conflict with Spain
Religion
Philip II of Spain was Catholic and backed by the Pope
Many protestants saw Catholic spain as a threat
Political rivalry
The netherlands had been Spanish since 15th century, but a Porestant revolt in 1567 ended this
England provided assistance to dutch rebels, they attacked Spanish ships
Commercial rivalry
Spanish control of the New World denied English merchant's profits
England and Spain were trade rivals, competing for power
Spain had vast amounts of Gold, England was Jealous
Treaty of Toredesillas of 1494 - the right to explore and trade in the new World was given to Spain and Portugal
English provateering
By 1570s, Drake and Hawkins were attacking Spanish treasure ships carrying gold
Spain was losing alot of money due to these attacks
Drake returned from his circumnavigation with £400,000 of Spanish treasure
Naval Warfare
Attack on Spanish bases
Privateers attacked Spanish colonies
From 1572-1573, Drake raided Spanish colony of Panama
Drake's circumnaviagtion captured alot of Spanish Gold
In 1587, Drake attacked Spanish ships at Cadiz, 30 spanish ships were destroyed
English naval technologies
English had mounted canons on their ships
English has more advanced ships that could manouvre easier
Drake use fireships to scare the Spanish
Spanish naval tactics
Spanish gold ships travelled in convoys to protect them
Spanish ships also had canons, but they were heavier and harder to load, this made them hard to sustain fire in battle
Defeat of the Spanish Armada
What happened in 1588
29th July - Armada spotted in Channel
8th August - Battle of Gravelines, caused Spanish ships to panic
31st July - Battle of Plymouth, two Spanish ships captured
3-4 August - Battle of Wight, Spanish ships outgunned by Englihs and forced to move further up to Calais
Reasons for English victory
English ships were better armed and equipped meaning they could make attacks more easily
Spanish panacked by the English fireships, this causes them to flee and make a dangerous journey, hence why they lost ships
Weather - Gale force winds caused destruction to spanish ships
Superioir English tactics - Drake's use of fireships was very important, his tactics were better than the duke of Medina-Sidonia who wasn't from a naval background
Spain was poorly prepared - Spanish fleet lacked food supplies, made them less able to attack