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Effects of a graphic organizer-based two-tier test approach on students’…

- - - - Examination of Fluvial Process Concepts
      - Story and Level-Based Learning Activities
    - - Unit: "Mysteries of the Earth"
      - Sixth Graders' Natural Science Class
    - - CT-SVLE
        
        Conventional Text Descriptions
        
        Audio Instructions (for incorrect answers)
      - GT-SVLE
        
        Fill-in-the-Blank Concept Map (for second-tier items)
        
        Audio Instructions and Concept Map (for incorrect answers)
        
        Integration of Concept Mapping and Two-Tier Tests
    - - Uptale
    - - CT-SVLE
        
        Text Descriptions
        
        Audio Instructions
      - GT-SVLE
        
        Text Descriptions
        
        Concept Map
        
        Audio Instructions
- - - - Low-cost, easy-to-implement
      - Positive impacts on performance, problem-solving, critical thinking, motivation.
- - - - ANCOVA Result: F = 4.48, p = 0.041 (η2 = 0.11)
      - Regression Coefficient Homogeneity: Validated (F = 2.37, p = 0.13)
      - Variances Homogeneity: Validated (F = 1.56, p = 0.22)
- - - - Hwang et al. (2009)
      - Seven Open-Ended Questions
    - - Sequence Analysis
    - - Pre-test and Post-test (100 points)
      - KR2 Values: Pre-test (0.8), Post-test (0.78)