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Trichomonas - Coggle Diagram
Trichomonas
Trichomonas vaginalis
Habitat : vaginal region in female and prostrate gland in males.
Also can be found in urinary bladder region.
Size : length - 7 - 23μm
Breadth - 5 - 15μm
Trichomonas hominis
Habitat : intestinal region ( caecum)
Size : length - 5 - 14μm
Breadth - 7 -10μm
Trichomonas tenax
Habitat : oral cavity ( salivary secretion )
Size : length - 5 - 12μm
Breadth -5 -10μm
Morphology
- pear shaped
- anterior broader and posterior sharper
- anterior region contains 4 flagella
- bilateral symmetry
- undulating membrane - flagella that runs along the side of the body. It robs the nutrients and put inside the mouth of the parasite.
- axostyle present.
- single nucleus
- food vacuoles, granules are present in the cytoplasm.
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Pathogenecity
Mostly asymptomatic.
Healthy acidic vaginal region changes its pH into alkaline pH during infection.
Acute infection : yellowish green color vaginal discharge with foul smell (10%).
- strawberry like appearance (2%).
- dysuria and lower abdominal pain.
- in males, non gonococcal urethritis, prostatitis and penile ulcerations.
Chronic infection : pruritus and pain during coitus.
- vaginal discharge is scanty, mixed with mucus.
Complications : infertility, low birth weigh, cervical erosions, pyosalpinx.
- association of increased HIV transmission and cervical dysplasia.
- respiratory distress.
Laboratory test
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Staining :
Giemsa staining : morphology of trophozoite can be observed.
- Acridine orange fluorescent stain.
- Direct fluorescent antibody test ( DFA ).
Antigen antibody defection
- ELISA.
- immunochromatographic test.
Treatment
- Metronidazole
- clotrimazole
Medium
- Diamonds trypticase yeast maltose media
- Trusell and Johsons's medium
- Cell lines like McCoy cell line.