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Globalisation/digitalisation - Coggle Diagram
Globalisation/digitalisation
POSTMODERNISM
Postmodern societies are media saturated
Societies are underpinned by globalisation-media transnationals have used the internet to remove the distinction between global and local to increase consumer choice
Encouraged multiple interpretations of the truth, so has resulted in a fragmentation of knowledge
People are no longer inheriting fixed identities, instead social media networks offer plurality of identities to choose/consume to subvert from traditional identities
HYBRIDISED GLOBAL IDENTITY
Digital communications are positive as they're responsible for diffusing different styles around the world
Results in hybridised styles in fashion, food, consumption and lifestyle
Cultural diversity will become a new global norm – multiculturalism
Seen as a positive phenomenon and creates a new class of global consumers
Greater choice for constructing identity
Media saturation: new forms of digital communications reflecting postmodernism conditions (positive)
CRITICISMS
Fails to recognise inequalities
Exaggerates positivity
Doesn’t offer solutions as to why people experience a digital divide
Fails to explain muted voice despite diversity of choice
Exaggerates impact of digital revolution on ordinary people's ability to change
BAUDRILLARD
Audiences are immersed in too much information in the digital postmodern age
Difficult to distinguish between real and digital life
Led to concerns of whether forms of communication are heathy and positive for identity and relationships
HYPER REALITY
Hyper reality: simulation or copy of reality
Postmodernists argue its increasingly difficult to distinguish what's real
FEMINISM
Role of feminism remains to challenge patriarchal organisation and control of the public sphere
Males dominate power positions whilst consequently women occupy subordinate positions
Critical of the old media and digital forms of communication
See patriarchal agencies engaged in symbolic annihilation of women (showing women limited roles/opportunities)
Appearance > achievements
Development of ‘muted group theory’ suggesting women are silenced
Feminist view on digital communications includes theoretical interpretations as well as practical and socio-political movements
HARAWAY
Women need to participate in technological advancements
Argues women aren't similar, just because they're women, this is a political and social construct (essentialism)
Inclusion of technology enables women to create new identities (e.g. second life)
Where there are no boundaries limiting women
Transcend an oppressed identity such as being female to remove negative judgements and stereotypes
Users construct an avatar/ cyborg- refers to a gender-neutral cyber identity
MUTED GROUP THEORY
This is because the public sphere and tech companies/businesses are dominated by men
Powerless social groups are repressed/exploited and prevented from voicing concerns
FEMINISM
DIGITAL
The digital world is a relatively recent development
Have emerged due to recent criticism of the digital to further patriarchal or hegemonic discourses
Feminists challenge the male dominated nature of the media
Emphasise cyber-feminists, women, feminists
KRAMAREA
Internet is dominated by men, however women use it just as much or maybe more so
Companies controlling the digital technology underpins cybercommunication, organisation of the internet, software and metaphors to describe the internet e.g. ‘super information highway’
These are masculine and has the effect of muting women
EXAMPLES
Women in Saudi Arabia used media to campaign women driving
Hashtag activism #metoo
4th wave feminism online movements
Conversations on twitter about feminism have increased by 300% over the past 3 years
SCHUSTER + KELLER
Women and girls utilise the media to portray their desired feminist identity to challenge oppressive patriarchal ideologies
JACKSON
Social media has increased visibility for feminism
MARXISM
Digital communication isn't new, it's simply a different version of other forms of communication
Exaggerated by Postmodernism
Increasing number of ways to access the media, known as media convergence
Media has a greater platform for shaping people's ideas and encouraging capitalism and to not question inequality
New forms of digital communications reinforce inequality and ideological control people in subtle ways
Encourages people to accept capitalism, therefore, inequality does exist
Presentation of meritocratic, egalitarianism and democracy
Constant political ideas are accessible
CORNFORD + ROBINS
Claim this continues to be a myth
Owners of media ideologically control masses
Power comes from media + ownership of knowledge/entertainment
= infotainment
Surveillance is a more subtle way of capitalism, controlling and challenging people’s privacy
Lack of clarity in laws/regulations of the media
BAGDIKIAN
This is similar to non-digital media
Owners can control agendas and shape ideas of the population
Digital communication is owned by private companies and so is unregulated lack of social report (Snowden report)
Claim this type of entertainment does not threaten capitalist systems
Rather perpetuates false class consciousness