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Vaginitis - Coggle Diagram
Vaginitis
Definition
Vaginitis is a medical term used to describe inflammation or irritation of the vagina, the muscular tube that connects the uterus to the external genitalia
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Sign and symptoms
Vaginal Itching
Abnormal Vaginal Discharge:
Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): A thin, grayish-white discharge
Yeast Infection
Trichomoniasis
Vaginal Irritation and Redness
Burning Sensation
Painful Intercourse
Discomfort or Pain in the Vaginal Area
Odor
Types
1.Bacterial Vaginosis (BV): Caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria in the vagina.
2.Yeast Infection: Usually caused by the fungus Candida albicans.
3.Trichomoniasis: A sexually transmitted infection caused by a parasite.
4.Atrophic Vaginitis: Occurs due to decreased estrogen levels, often during menopause.
Causes
- Bacterial Infections
- Yeast Infections
- Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)
- Hormonal Changes
- Chemical Irritants
6.Foreign Objects
- Allergic Reactions
- Poor Personal Hygiene
- Diabetes
Complication
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Pregnancy complication
Increase risk of HIV transmitted
Chronic vaginal discomfort
Pathophysiology
- Etiological Factor: Vaginitis begins with exposure to an etiological factor, depends on any bacteria, virus, microorganism.
- Disruption of Vaginal Flora: The normal balance of vaginal flora is disturbed, creating an environment conducive to infection.
- Proliferation of Pathogens: Pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or parasites, multiply in the altered vaginal environment.
- Inflammation The overgrowth of pathogens triggers Inflammation of the vaginal tissues
- Symptom Presentation: Inflammatory changes lead to symptoms like discharge, itching, and discomfort
- Diagnosis and Treatment: A healthcare provider assesses symptoms, identifies the causative agent, and prescribes targeted treatment to restore the vaginal balance.
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Bacterial Vaginosis (BV):
Imbalance in normal vaginal bacteria.
Overgrowth of harmful bacteria, often Gardnerella vaginalis.
Reduction in beneficial Lactobacillus species.
Elevated pH level in the vagina.
Yeast Infection:
Overgrowth of the fungus Candida, commonly Candida albicans.
Disruption of the balance between yeast and normal vagintextal flora.
Factors like antibiotics, hormonal changes, or weakened immune system can contribute.
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Nursing care
- Avoid using chemical irrants
- Keep hygiene of private part
Health education
- Avoid wearing tight clothes
- Avoid salty food intake to avoid itchiness
Differential diagnosis
Lichen sclerosus
Cervicitis
Herpes simplex
Pinworms
Sexual assault
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
Investigation
- History taking and physical examination
- Blood test : Full Blood Count
- Imaging
Ct scan
MRI
- Others
Pelvic exam
Vaginal swab
Vaginal pH testing
Prognosis
Can be cure if early treatment
Cannot be cure if late treatment and lead to severe complication