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Psych 4 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Antianxiety drugs: reduce tension, apprehension, and nervousness. Valium/Xanax/Diazepam (tranquilizers)
      - Antipsychotic drugs: schizophrenia/mood disorders (delusional) : gradually reduce psychotic symptoms, hyperactivity, mental confusion, hallucinations, and delusions. Decrease dopamine systems. (Tardive dyskinesia 15-20%) tic movements in face)
      - Antidepressant : gradually elevate mood and bring out of depression (selective serotonin)
      - Mood stabilizer: control mood swings in bipolar (lithium and valproate)
  - - - Regression towards the mean (score an outlier then score closer to the mean)
- - - - Etiology of anxiety related disturbances: Biological: concordance rate = percentage of twin pairs or other pairs of relatives who exhibit the same disorder
        
        GABA in neurotransmitters for ANxiety
        
        Preparedness: classical conditioning starts and operant conitnues
        
        Cognitive dis: 1) misinterpret danger 2) focus on threats 3) recall threats
        
        OCD = executive function deficient
      - Etiology of Depressive and Bipolar: heritability depression (40%) bipolar (65-80%)
        
        Imbalance of norepinephrine and serotonin (low serotonin depression, reduced hippocampal volume, dentate gyrus, stress stops hippocampal volume growth)(amygdala and fear for depression)
        
        Cognitive: learned helplessness (unavoidable adverse effects)
        
        Ruminate depression lasts longer (women do it more) rumination may have to do with anxiety and eating disorders.
        
        Negative thinking more depression (stress and depressive episodes increase likeliness)
      - Schizophrenia: concordance rates 48% identical and 17% fraternal (46% both parents have it) and increase with low intelligence, excess dopamine could cause or decrease (complicated neurotransmitters) young people weed
        
        Smaller brain parts cuz of schizophrenia or causes it
        
        Neurodisruptional hypothesis says its caused by disruption in growing up
        
        Expressed emotion: extent family gives highly critical or overinvolved attitudes toward patient. (Higher it is, higher relapse rates) (stressful)