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Azucena Soto, period 5, Nervous system, image, image, image, image -…

- - - - Motor:
        2 division
        Somatic NS: voluntary motor nerve fibers, conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles
        Autonomic NS: involuntary (visceral) motor nerve fibers, conducts impulses from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands
        
        Autonomic NS:
        3 division
        Sympathetic division: mobilizes body systems during activity
        Parasympathetic: Conserves energy, promotes house keeping functions during relaxation
- - - - VIII- Vestibulococlear: S
        -Afferent fibers from hearing receptors (cochlear division), and equillibrium receptors (vestibular division) pass from inner ear and travel to enter the brain stem and pons-medulla border
        -Mostly sensory function, small motor component for adjustment of sensitivity of reveptors
        (was a auditory nerve)
        IX- Glossopharyneal nerves
        -fibers from medulla that leave the skull and run to the throat
        -M functions: innervate part of tongue and pharynx for swallowing and provide parasympathetic fibers to parotid salivary glands.
        -S functions: fibers conduct tate and general sensory impulses from pharynx and posterior tongue, impulses from carotid chemoreceptors and baroreceptors
        X- Vagues
        -only type of these nerves that extend beyond head and neck region
        -fibers from medulla exit skull via jugular foramen
        -most M fobers= parasympathetic that help regulate activities of heart, lungs and abdominal viscera
        -S fibers: carry impulses from thoracic and abdominal viscera, barroreceptors, chemoreceptors and taste buds (posterior tongue and pharynx) .
        
        XI-Accessory
        -formed from ventral roolets from C1 to C5 region of spinal cord not brain
        -rootlets pass through cranium via each foramen magnum
        -exit skull via jugular foramina to innervate trapezius and sternoclenomastoid muscles
        (were spinal cord accessory nerve)
        XII- Hypoglossal
        -Fibers from medulla exit skull via hypoglossal canal
        -Innervate extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of tongue which contribute to swallowing and speech
- - - - -Marijuana-
        Interferes with: dopamine
        Effect on neurotransmitter: THC (the active chemical in marijuana) turns off inhibition, causing dopamine to squirt into the synapse.
        Affect on person: This drug causes a feeling of "high" and increases a persons appetite, alters their senses and creates a relaxed feeling.
        
        -Cocaine-
        Neurotransmitter it interferes with: dopamine
        Effect on neurotransmitters: cocaine blocks dopamine transporters, making dopamine bind again and again (overstimulates the cell)
        Effect on person: causes a person to be fidgety, can not stay still (affects part of brain that controls voluntary movement)
      - -Alcohol-
        Neurotransmitters it interferes with:
        inhibitory neurotransmitters of GABA and glutamate
        Effect on neurotransmitters: it causes GABA receptors to be more inhibitory and prevents glutamate from exiting the cell.
        Effect on person:
        Alcohol effects areas of the brain that focus on memory formation, decision-making and impulse control. A person can feel more relaxed, but is now prone to have aggressive outbursts.
        
        -LSD-
        Neurotransmitter it interferes with: seretonin
        Affect on neurotransmitters: Drug binds itself to seretonin receptors, reacts differently can either inhibit or excite receptors.
        Effect on person: Has complete sensory effects, can lead to paranoia, hallucinations, increased heart rate and more.