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Troubles - home and abroad - Coggle Diagram
Troubles - home and abroad
Religion
Catholics
Latin Serivces
Pope is the head
Majority in the north west
Protestants
No pope
Plain and simple services
South East England
Puritans
No pope, cardinal or bishop
Whitewashed churhces, no decoraitons
London
Relgious divisions
Reformation - Division between protestnats and Catholics from 1532
From 1530s, many protestants came to England
North of England remained largely catholic, there was a risk of rebellion from them
Religious settlements 1559
Act of supremacy - Elizabeth became head of the churh of England, all clergy has to swear allegiance
Act of Uniformity - Required everyone to attend church, or be fined
Book of Common Prayer 1559 - set way church had to be run and how specific wording for services
Royal injunctions - Set of instructions to the clergy on how to worship God and services
Northern Rebellion 1569-70
Why?
Catholic Earls wanted to make England Catholic again
Elizabeth's lack of an heir created tension, catholics believed they would lose power under a Protestant leader
Key people
Mary Queen of Scots - had a claim to the throne
Thomas Percy - Earl of Northumberland
Charles Neville - Earl of Westmorland
Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard
Marriage
Mary would marry the duke of Norfolk, Thomas Howard
Mary would become Queen
Robert Dudley told Elizabeth of the plan and Norfolk was arrested
Progress
Northumberland and Westmorland took control of Durham cathedral
Elizabeth moved mary to Coventry
Why did it fail
Support from Spain never came
Many landowners remained loyal to the royals
Significance
Mary was seen as dangerous and remained in prison
Elizabeth was excommunicated
Government was harsh on Catholics
Elizabeth had better control over north England
Elizabeth's excommunication
Threat of Catholics
Catholics owed allegiance to the pope not to the Queen
Religious wars in Europe, massacre of Protestants made many of them worry
Catholics were active in many rebellions
Papal Bull 1570
Elizabeth was decalred a heretic, someone who disagrees with the Chruch
Elizabeth's subjects didn't have to support her
Consequences
Catholics states like France thought they could make war on England
Catholics were poorly treated in England
More plots against Elizabeth
Catholics services were banned
Catholic Priests were arrested and execture
Catholic plots
Ridolfi plot 1571
Ridolfi was a spy for the pope
Planned to murder Elizabeth, start a Spanish Invasion and make Mary Queen
William Cecil discovered the plot, Norfolk was proved guilty of high treason
Mary wasn't executed
Significance
Confirmed the threat of Catholics
England needed to improve relations with France to help fight off a war
Government monitored catholics more closely and treated them more severely
Campion's mission
Restore Catholicism
Many Catholic priests were killed
Catholics were now seen as a big threat
Jesuits - tried to make everyone catholic
Throckmorton plot 1583
Mary's cousin Duke of Guise plotted to invade England
Philip offered to help pay for the revolt
Francis Walsingham discovered the plot in May 1583
Throckmorton would help the plotters communicate, he was executed
Significance
Extent of threate revealed
Many Catholics left Britain to try and not be uncovered
Babington plot 1586
Duke of Guise planned to invade England again
Babington tore to Mary about the plot
Francis Walsingham intercepted letters to Mary and uncovered the plot
Mary was executed in 1587
Significance
Elizabeth became insecure
England could no longer rely on france
Government became determined to crush the Catholics
Consequences
Conspiracies were dealt with severley
Government suspicion increased
Act of 1585 made being a Catholic priest punishable by death
Catholics became very secretive
Puritans
Who were the Puritans
Radical protestants
Banned sinful activties
Puritans wanted a simple style of worship
Believed that Catholics were the anti-christ
Threat
Puritan tracts were critical of the Queen and the Church of England, they might encourage a rebelion
Growing numbers of them
Puritans Challenged Elizabeth, and weakened her authority by changing curch practices
Response to Religious matters
Elizabeth and government
Elizabeth disliked Purtan thinking
She didn'tlike their reluctance to wear vestmens
Archbishop Parker
Archbishop of Canterbury from 1559-1575
Tried to ensure the Church of England confrmed to the 1559 religious settlement
Grinald
Archbishop of Canterbury between 1575 and 1583
He didn't want to persecture puritans
Whitgift
Archbishop of Canterbury between 1583 and 1604
Increased powers of the Church cour
Act against Seditious Sectaries in 1593 made Puritanism an offence
Helped insure Puritans were kept under control
Mary's arrival
Claim to the throne
Legitimate clame
Her mother ruled Scotland
Great granddaughter of Henry VII
Why was mary important
She was Catholic
No concerns of the legitimacy, unlike Elizabeth
Mary was at the centre of many plots
Imprisonment in 1568
Held under guard
She created a problem for Elizabeth as she could encourage a rebellion
Mary's treatment in England
Elizabeth's options (1568-1569)
Keep Mary in England - could lead to a catholic plot
Allow Mary abroad - could provoke a plot against her
Hand Mary over to Scotland - if she was killed, the French might launch an attack
Casket Letters Affair
A claim that Mary had plotted with other members of the Scottish nobility to murder her husband
Scottish lords found evidence that proved Mary to be guilty, and insisted she should be handed over for trial
Elizabeth didn't hand over mary for trial
Elizabeth's actions prevented a rebellion
Why did Elizabeth no make Mary her heir
It would upset protestants, and members of the privy council
If she lost support of these Privy Councillors, she would have few supporters left
A catholic heir could cause a civil war