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Educational Policy - Coggle Diagram
Educational Policy
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Coalition government, from 2010
Conservative liberal-democratic government moved away from state run comprehensives. It wanted to reduce the role of the state.
Academies: all schools were encouraged to leave local authorities and become academies. Academies had control over their budget and curriculum. By 2012, over half of schools had converted to academies.
Free schools: although funded by the state, they are set up and run by parents, teachers, faith organisations or businesses instead of the LEA. However, it’s claimed that free schools only benefit middle class children. Ball argues that the introduction of free schools and academies has lead to fragmentation and increased centralisation of control over education.
Policies have increased inequality by: spending on education was cut, many sure starts were shut down, EMA was abolished, university fees were tripled to £9000 a year, new foster criteria, A level reforms.
However, some policies did decrease inequality: free school meals to all under 7s, pupil premium, increasing compulsory education.
1960s Comprehensives
Social democratic ideas believed everyone should have an equal chance to succeed (meritocracy) so 11+ was abolished.
By 1979, 80% of secondary pupils were attending comprhensives.
Functionalists believe comprehensives achieve meritocracy and social integration, whereas marxists see education as serving the needs of capitalism and reproducing class inequality.
Criticisms: Streaming and labelling can lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. Seen as justifying inequality due to the myth of meritocracy.
Chubb and Moe
American state education has failed and should be open to market forces of supply and demand. They suggest private schools are better as they are answerable to fee paying consumers.
They propose a system where each family is given a voucher to spend as it makes schools answerable to the paying families.
A number of policies have been introduced to promote marketisation in education: publication of league tables, business sponsorship of schools, ofsted inspections, formula funding, introduction of higher tuition fees.
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New labour policies 1997
Continued many of the conservative policies of diversity and choice in education. For example, they support the modernisation of comprehensives
Part of the Labours education policy took a social democratic view: designated education action zones, aim higher was introduced, education maintenance allowance payments given to poorer students, increased funding for state schools,
Criticisms: criticed for their contradictions, for example EMAs encourage poorer students to stay in education yet tuition fees may deter them.
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